高盛重磅报告：十五年来最严重的存储芯片短缺正在逼近，即便消费端需求崩塌也无法阻止

Core Viewpoint - Goldman Sachs warns that the market is on the brink of the most severe memory chip supply shortage in the past 15 years, with significant supply-demand gaps in DRAM, NAND, and HBM categories expected in 2026-2027 [1] DRAM Market Summary - Goldman Sachs significantly raised its DRAM supply shortage forecast, predicting a shortfall of 4.9% in 2026 and 2.5% in 2027, surpassing previous estimates of 3.3% and 1.1% [2] - The core driver of this tight situation is the explosive growth in server demand, with server DRAM demand (excluding HBM) expected to increase by 39% and 22% in 2026 and 2027, respectively [3] - In contrast, PC and mobile DRAM demand forecasts were downgraded, with mobile DRAM growth expected to slow to 7% in 2026 and PC DRAM growth at only 5% [4] - Global DRAM supply is projected to grow by 21% and 19% in 2026 and 2027, respectively, with limited capacity expansion from major suppliers [4] NAND Market Summary - The NAND market is also tightening, with supply-demand gaps expected to reach 4.2% in 2026 and 2.1% in 2027, higher than previous forecasts [5] - Strong growth in enterprise SSD demand is a major driver, with expectations for a 58% and 23% increase in enterprise SSD demand in 2026 and 2027 [5] - Mobile and PC NAND demand is expected to show significant weakness, with mobile NAND demand forecasted to experience zero growth in 2026 [6] HBM Market Summary - Goldman Sachs raised its HBM total addressable market (TAM) forecast to $540 billion in 2026 and $750 billion in 2027, reflecting improved demand from GPUs and ASICs [7] - ASIC demand for HBM is expected to accelerate, with forecasts for HBM demand from ASICs increased by 27% and 14% in 2026 and 2027, respectively [7] - Despite an increase in HBM capacity forecasts, supply-demand gaps are expected to reach 5.1% and 4.0% in 2026 and 2027, respectively, due to higher demand adjustments [8] BOM Cost Analysis - A detailed BOM cost analysis indicates that memory costs for smartphones and PCs are expected to rise significantly, with iPhone DRAM and NAND costs projected to reach about 23% of total BOM by Q3 2026 [9] - Even under extreme scenarios, DRAM demand is expected to grow by 21% in 2026, maintaining a supply-demand imbalance [9] Investment Recommendations - Goldman Sachs maintains buy ratings for Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix, highlighting their significant exposure in traditional memory markets [10] - The 2026 traditional DRAM pricing is expected to rise by approximately 176-184%, with operating profit margins reaching historical highs [11] - Micron's rating was downgraded to neutral with a target price of $235, as most positive factors have already been priced in [12]