“十五五”如何加快完善碳排放统计核算体系？

Core Viewpoint - The construction of the carbon emission statistical accounting system is crucial for implementing national strategies to combat climate change and achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals. The system is being developed across various levels, including regional, industrial, enterprise, and product levels, but still faces challenges that need to be addressed for effective implementation [1][6]. Group 1: National Framework and Policies - A national institutional framework for carbon emission statistical accounting has been established, with a series of policy documents released to support the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals. The "dual control system" for carbon emissions will focus on intensity control during the "14th Five-Year Plan" and total control post-peak [3][9]. - The State Council has outlined a comprehensive policy toolbox that includes local carbon assessments, industry carbon control, enterprise carbon management, project carbon evaluations, and product carbon footprints, with clear phased goals set for implementation [3][4]. Group 2: Local Government Initiatives - Local governments are actively promoting pilot projects to translate national carbon control policies into actionable plans. For instance, Zhejiang Province is exploring carbon budget management, while Wuxi City has set a three-phase goal for carbon management [4][5]. - Cities like Zhengzhou are developing intelligent carbon management platforms to facilitate collaborative governance among government, enterprises, and individuals [4]. Group 3: Industry and Enterprise Engagement - The establishment of a carbon emission accounting and verification technical specification system is underway, with guidelines released for key industries such as power generation, steel, cement, and aluminum smelting [4][5]. - The carbon footprint management system for products has made significant progress, with national standards for carbon footprint accounting being developed for various products, including aluminum and chemical fibers [5]. Group 4: Challenges and Recommendations - Despite progress, challenges remain in policy coordination, data foundation, and international alignment. The dual control system for carbon emissions will require higher standards for data timeliness, consistency, and accuracy [6][9]. - Recommendations include enhancing policy collaboration, solidifying data foundations, deepening international exchanges, and strengthening market mechanisms to support the long-term goals of carbon neutrality by 2060 [9][10].