特朗普对全球下令，180天内废掉中方王牌，美媒：中国在霸凌美国

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the significant impact of China's control over rare earth exports on the U.S. defense industry, revealing the vulnerabilities in the U.S. supply chain and the challenges faced in establishing alternative sources of rare earth materials [1][5][15]. Group 1: U.S. Response to Rare Earth Supply Crisis - In January 2026, U.S. President Trump issued a presidential announcement requiring global critical mineral suppliers to reach supply agreements with the U.S. within 180 days, or face punitive tariffs of up to 25% [1]. - The urgency of this demand stems from a looming supply crisis in the U.S. defense industry, where certain critical rare earth elements are running low, directly affecting the production of advanced weapons like the F-35 fighter jet [1][10]. - The 180-day ultimatum reflects a desperate attempt to bypass reliance on China for rare earth supplies, indicating a critical situation for the U.S. military-industrial complex [1][17]. Group 2: Challenges in Establishing Alternative Supply Chains - Rebuilding a global rare earth supply chain independent of China within 180 days is nearly impossible due to the complex and time-consuming processes involved in mining, separation, and purification of rare earth elements [3][10]. - Although the U.S. has attempted to create a backup supply chain, challenges include the slow production capabilities of allies like Australia and Canada, and the inconsistent quality of rare earth ores from countries like Vietnam and Kazakhstan [10][12]. - Domestic mining efforts in the U.S. face significant legal hurdles, with lengthy environmental assessments and legal challenges delaying the establishment of new mining operations [12][15]. Group 3: China's Strategic Control Measures - China's precise control measures on rare earth exports have directly contributed to the U.S. supply crisis, with strategic regulations implemented as early as 2025 targeting seven key rare earth elements [5][7]. - The export controls include strict end-use regulations, preventing rare earths from being used for military purposes, effectively cutting off supplies to the U.S. defense sector [7][8]. - Following these controls, international rare earth prices surged, with prices for dysprosium doubling and terbium increasing by more than twofold, underscoring China's decisive influence in the global rare earth supply chain [8][10]. Group 4: Implications for Global Supply Chain Dynamics - The current rare earth crisis faced by the U.S. is a consequence of decades of industrial hollowing out, where the U.S. outsourced its rare earth processing capabilities, leading to a fragile supply chain [15][17]. - The 180-day ultimatum serves as a statement of U.S. vulnerability rather than a credible threat, highlighting the importance of core technology and production capabilities in the modern industrial raw material competition [17].