经济学家称：美国民众承担了特朗普关税成本的“最大份额”

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. Supreme Court's decision to overturn tariffs imposed during Donald Trump's presidency has intensified scrutiny of this policy, which has long faced legal challenges and was deemed flawed by experts [2]. Group 1: Economic Impact of Tariffs - Charles N. Steele, an economist, stated that the American public bore the majority of the costs associated with Trump's tariffs, describing the strategy as a "non-essential blunder" and a "major mistake" [2]. - Research from institutions like the New York Federal Reserve Bank and JPMorgan indicates that approximately 90% of the economic burden from Trump's tariffs fell on American consumers rather than foreign exporters [2]. - Steele highlighted that prior studies suggested Trump could have adjusted his tariff policy to avoid harming American households, noting that unilateral tariffs on China would primarily impact U.S. citizens, while coordinated tariffs with the EU could shift the burden to China [6]. Group 2: Legal and Political Ramifications - The Supreme Court's ruling emphasized that the power to levy tariffs belongs to Congress, not the President, thereby limiting presidential trade authority [3]. - The ruling did not address whether businesses and states could receive refunds for tariffs already paid, leaving this issue to be resolved in lower courts [4]. - Following the ruling, Trump responded by increasing global tariffs from 10% to 15%, claiming this action was immediately effective despite ongoing pressure from businesses and government for refunds on approximately $133 billion in tariffs [7]. Group 3: Ongoing Legal Challenges and Political Reactions - The use of Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974 by Trump to impose new tariffs is expected to face legal challenges, as this section limits such tariffs to 150 days unless Congress approves an extension [8]. - A wave of lawsuits has emerged, with over a thousand cases filed by U.S. importers seeking refunds for tariffs, reflecting the policy's disruptive impact on existing trade agreements and increasing political costs domestically [9]. - Trump's critics, including California Governor Gavin Newsom, have accused him of disregarding the financial burdens placed on American citizens due to his tariff policies [10].