美国稀土危机爆发：库存仅够数月，航空发动机及芯片制造面临停摆

Core Insights - The aerospace and semiconductor supply chain is facing a critical shortage of rare earth elements, particularly yttrium and scandium, which are essential for advanced manufacturing and defense technologies [1][4] Group 1: Yttrium - Yttrium is crucial for special coatings that prevent jet engines and industrial turbines from melting at extreme temperatures [3] - The price of yttrium has surged approximately 60% since the reported shortage began last year, now being nearly 70 times higher than a year ago [3] - Due to supply constraints, two North American companies producing high-temperature coatings have temporarily halted production, prioritizing large clients like engine manufacturers over smaller and overseas customers [3] Group 2: Scandium - The shortage of scandium raises concerns about potential disruptions in the production of next-generation 5G chips, as it is used in fuel cells, specialized aluminum alloys, and advanced chip manufacturing processes [4] - Major U.S. chip manufacturers rely on scandium for components in nearly every 5G smartphone and base station [4] - The U.S. currently lacks domestic scandium production and has no fully alternative supply sources, with estimates suggesting that existing inventories may last only a few months [4] Group 3: Broader Implications - The current supply squeeze highlights how limited export controls on niche minerals can impact high-value industries, with yttrium and scandium's absence potentially leading to billions of dollars in production line shutdowns [5] - Delays and uncertainties in export licensing can trigger price surges, supply rationing, and strategic anxiety among U.S. manufacturers [5] - The situation emphasizes that reliance on critical minerals is not just a trade issue but also a national security concern [5]