当前经济与政策思考：战略腹地与关键产业备份的海外经验之二，“911”事件引发的美国产业备份重点与成效

National Preparedness Strategy - The "911" event significantly impacted the U.S. economy and national security, leading to the establishment of the Department of Homeland Security and the issuance of Homeland Security Presidential Directives (HSPD) focusing on supply chain security and national preparedness[4] - The HSPD-8 directive emphasized the need for a national emergency preparedness framework, aiming to enhance the ability to prevent, defend against, mitigate, respond to, and recover from threats[4] Key Infrastructure Redundancy - The U.S. government strengthened the redundancy of critical infrastructure to reduce dependency on single nodes, particularly in sectors like transportation, energy, and telecommunications[5][6] - The National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP) highlighted the importance of redundancy in infrastructure, with examples like the New York City subway system and Los Angeles water systems[6] Data Backup and Disaster Recovery - Post-"911," the U.S. government provided $5 billion in disaster loans and $7.4 billion in grants to support data recovery and cybersecurity improvements for businesses[7][8] - The data backup industry saw significant growth, with U.S. companies dominating the global market for dedicated backup appliances (PBBA), holding over 80% market share from 2012 to 2017[11] Medical Resource Stockpiling - The Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) was established in 2003, with funding increasing from $51 million to $400 million by 2005, to ensure rapid deployment of medical resources during emergencies[9][10] - The SNS played a crucial role in responding to major health crises, such as Hurricane Katrina, the H1N1 flu pandemic, and COVID-19, by providing vaccines, medical supplies, and personal protective equipment[14][16] Microgrid Development - The U.S. smart grid initiative led to the development of microgrids, with 692 microgrids installed by 2023, providing a total capacity of 4.4 GW, though still less than 0.3% of the total U.S. electricity supply[11]