国君深度|人形机器人 · 研究合集

Industry Investment Rating - The report provides a positive outlook on the humanoid robotics industry, indicating that 2024 marks the beginning of industrialization for humanoid robots [4][5] Core Views - The humanoid robotics industry is entering a phase of rapid industrialization, driven by advancements in hardware design innovation and cost reduction through Chinese manufacturing [4][5] - The integration of AI and humanoid robots, particularly through embodied intelligence, is a key breakthrough in 2024 [1][2] - The industry faces three major technical bottlenecks: data acquisition, motion control algorithms, and hardware innovation [5] - The core logic for the humanoid robotics industry is "hardware design innovation + Chinese manufacturing cost reduction," focusing on "3+3" key components [5] Key Components and Technologies Embodied Intelligence - Embodied intelligence is a major breakthrough in 2024, with companies like Covariant, Pi, and Figure AI leading the way [1][2] - The main approach to embodied intelligence is a layered end-to-end model, which includes foundational models, decision-making models, and operational models [2] - Data collection methods include remote operation and synthetic data generation, with companies like Tesla and NVIDIA using human motion data and simulation environments to train robots [2] Efficient Motors - Humanoid robots require high-efficiency, high-dynamic, and high-power-density motors for their joints [7] - Torque motors are preferred over servo motors due to their stable torque, reduced cost, and higher efficiency [7] - The market for brushless torque motors and hollow cup motors is expected to grow significantly, with potential market sizes reaching 140-280 billion yuan and 72 billion yuan, respectively, when humanoid robot sales reach 1 million units annually [8] Six-Axis Torque Sensors - Six-axis torque sensors are crucial for the compliant control of robots, especially in applications like polishing, assembly, and medical rehabilitation [9] - The demand for six-axis torque sensors is expected to grow rapidly, with a CAGR of over 50% from 2022 to 2027 [9] - The technical barriers for these sensors include structural design, calibration, data accuracy, and decoupling algorithms [9] 3D Industrial Vision - 3D vision technology is a significant upgrade from 2D, offering higher precision and speed in industrial automation [11] - The market for 3D industrial cameras in China is expected to grow from 1.84 billion yuan in 2022 to 16 billion yuan by 2027, with a CAGR of 53.8% [11] - AI and visual models are enhancing the efficiency and application scenarios of 3D vision technology [12] Precision Actuators - Actuators are critical for the load and precision of robots, with micro motors and actuators expected to see widespread use in humanoid robots [13] - The demand for actuators, particularly harmonic reducers and planetary roller screws, is expected to increase significantly as humanoid robot production scales up [14] AI and Humanoid Robots - AI models are enhancing humanoid robots' capabilities in speech, vision, decision-making, and control, forming a closed-loop system [16] - The integration of AI models with humanoid robots is expected to accelerate the industry's penetration rate and expand its applications [16] Market Trends and Opportunities - The humanoid robotics industry is expected to see significant growth, with key opportunities in hardware innovation, cost reduction, and AI integration [4][5][16] - The industry is moving towards a winner-takes-all model, with companies that have full-stack R&D capabilities likely to dominate [6] - The market for core components like motors, sensors, and actuators is expected to grow rapidly, driven by the industrialization of humanoid robots [7][8][9][13]