日本视角：房屋养老金的国际经验

Group 1: Overview of Japan's Housing Pension System - Japan's housing pension system is designed to ensure the long-term maintenance of apartment-style residences through a repair reserve fund[1] - The repair reserve fund is primarily applicable to apartments, with owners contributing to its accumulation[18] - The system includes a long-term repair plan that allows owners to anticipate future repair needs and associated costs[20] Group 2: Financial Aspects of the Repair Reserve Fund - The average monthly contribution to the repair reserve fund ranges from 252 to 338 JPY per square meter, translating to approximately 1,177 to 1,675 RMB for a 100 square meter apartment[30] - The fund can be collected through various methods, including equal accumulation and stage-based accumulation, with the latter being more common currently[30] - The repair fund can only be used with the consent of more than half of the owners, ensuring community governance in fund management[35] Group 3: Legal and Regulatory Framework - Japan has established a comprehensive legal framework for apartment management and repair funding, including laws enacted in 1963 and revised in 2021[39] - The legal structure covers the entire lifecycle of residential buildings, ensuring ongoing maintenance and compliance with safety standards[39] - Recent revisions to the guidelines have updated the pricing and calculation formulas for the repair reserve fund, reflecting changes in construction costs and maintenance needs[39]