理解和解决罗马尼亚的能源贫困问题：探索结构和行为约束的作用（英）

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the energy sector in Romania. Core Insights - Addressing energy poverty is crucial for economic development as it is closely linked to income poverty, with lower-income households being disproportionately affected by energy price increases [46][47] - Energy poverty impacts overall well-being, human development, and environmental outcomes, leading to health risks and exacerbating existing disparities among vulnerable populations [47][48] - The report aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of energy poverty in Romania, focusing on access to energy, barriers to sustainable energy transitions, the impact of rising energy prices, and potential policy actions [48][49] Summary by Sections Executive Summary - Energy poverty is a significant issue in Romania, affecting economic development and overall welfare, particularly among lower-income households [46] - The report highlights the need for a comprehensive analysis of energy poverty, considering various population groups and their vulnerabilities [46][47] Chapter 1: Motivation - The motivation for the report stems from the urgent need to address energy poverty in Romania, especially in light of rising energy prices and their impact on vulnerable consumers [48] Chapter 2: Access to Affordable, Reliable, and Sustainable Energy - Approximately 25% of the Romanian population experienced energy poverty in 2021, with households dedicating about 8.7% of their expenditures to energy [49] - In 2022, 17.8% of households faced difficulties in paying utility bills, and 15.2% struggled to maintain warmth, indicating a high prevalence of energy poverty [49] Chapter 3: A Behaviorally Informed Approach to Sustainable Energy Transitions - The report discusses the behavioral barriers that prevent households from transitioning to sustainable energy solutions, particularly in heating systems [48] Chapter 4: Simulating the Ex-Ante Impacts of Energy Price Increases - Rising energy prices have direct impacts on energy poverty rates and overall welfare, necessitating effective policy responses [48] Chapter 5: Effectively Tackling Energy Poverty - The report outlines existing policies and potential measures to mitigate energy poverty, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to protect vulnerable households [48] Chapter 6: Conclusions and Policy Implications - The conclusions stress the importance of addressing energy poverty through comprehensive policy frameworks and targeted support for the most affected households [48]