拉美与加勒比地区须善用当前的经济动能以促进增长

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry. Core Insights - Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is nearing a resolution of inflation issues and macroeconomic disruptions caused by the pandemic, with monetary authorities managing challenges effectively [27][28] - Fiscal imbalances and high debt levels remain significant challenges, with a need for reforms in investment, infrastructure, education, and tax policy to stimulate growth [28][29] - The report emphasizes the potential of wealth taxes to generate fiscal space while promoting equity and growth, particularly in the context of global discussions on taxing the ultra-wealthy [29][38] Summary by Sections Chapter 1: The State of the LAC Region - The region is close to controlling inflation, with Brazil and Peru expected to meet their inflation targets in 2024 [30] - Real GDP growth is forecasted at 1.9% for 2024, with significant variation across countries [32] - The debt-to-GDP ratio increased to 62.8% in 2024, necessitating improved fiscal space through efficiency gains and increased tax revenues [33] - Foreign direct investment (FDI) remains below historical levels, indicating a need for structural reforms to attract investment [34] Chapter 2: Taxing Wealth for Equity and Growth - Wealth taxes are gaining attention as a means to address inequality and generate resources for public spending [39] - LAC countries collect only 2% of tax revenue from property taxes, despite 80% of wealth being held in real estate, indicating a significant opportunity for revenue generation [41] - The report highlights the challenges of property tax administration, including outdated valuations and reliance on presumptive taxes [42] - Taxing the ultra-wealthy is unlikely to significantly alleviate fiscal shortfalls in LAC due to the low number of billionaires relative to the population [45] - Reforming tax systems to focus on property taxes could enhance equity, promote growth, and create fiscal space, but requires investment in administrative capacity [46]