固态电池深度报告：聚焦性能和成本，固态电池产业化提速

Industry Overview - Solid-state batteries are considered the future direction for high-capacity secondary batteries, with semi-solid-state batteries already being deployed in vehicles. The demand for solid-state batteries is clear in high-end long-range vehicles and e-VTOL applications [1] - Solid-state batteries theoretically offer higher energy density, better thermal stability, and longer cycle life compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries. Semi-solid-state batteries reached a deployment volume of 2.2GWh in the first half of 2024, indicating initial market penetration [1] - Major companies like CATL, GAC Aion, and others are actively promoting the industrialization of solid-state batteries, with mass production expected by 2027 [1] Technology and Material Systems - Solid-state batteries are categorized into polymer, oxide, and sulfide systems. By 2030, the cost of solid-state batteries is expected to decrease by 29%, potentially becoming cheaper than current liquid batteries [1] - Oxide-based electrolytes offer good overall performance but have lower conductivity, while sulfide-based electrolytes are theoretically the best but face challenges in thermal stability and production complexity [1] - Polymer electrolytes are the most mature technology, with advantages in flexibility and cost, but they suffer from low ionic conductivity at room temperature and limited thermal stability [1] Market Applications - Solid-state batteries are expected to be first adopted in high-end long-range vehicles and e-VTOLs due to their high energy density. Semi-solid-state batteries have already been deployed in several vehicle models, including the Zhiji L6 and GAC Aion's models [1][18] - The e-VTOL sector, which requires higher energy density, power, and safety, is a key application area for solid-state batteries. Companies like CATL and Lifeng Battery are actively developing batteries for this market [19][23] Industry Leaders and Their Progress - CATL: Leading in polymer and sulfide-based solid-state battery development, with a 10Ah verification platform established. The company aims to achieve a 7-8 out of 9 maturity level by 2027, enabling small-scale production [2][54] - Qingtao Energy: Focused on oxide and sulfide-based solid-state batteries, with plans to achieve mass production by 2027. The company has partnered with SAIC to develop solid-state batteries for vehicles, with a peak charging power of 400kW [58][59] - Weilan New Energy: Delivered 360Wh/kg semi-solid-state batteries to NIO in 2023 and has a planned production capacity exceeding 100GWh. The company is also developing next-generation solid-state batteries with higher energy density [60] Cost and Future Projections - The cost of solid-state batteries is expected to drop below that of current liquid batteries by 2030, with a projected cost reduction of 29%. Current solid-state battery costs are around 0.54 yuan/Wh, but this is expected to decrease to 0.39 yuan/Wh by 2030 [50][51] - The global solid-state battery market is projected to reach 614.1GWh by 2030, with a penetration rate of around 10% in the overall lithium battery market. The market size is expected to exceed 250 billion yuan, primarily driven by semi-solid-state batteries [25]