促进绿色外国直接投资的政策：新兴市场和发展中经济体的最佳实践（英）2024

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry but emphasizes the importance of climate policies in attracting green foreign direct investment (FDI) in emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs) [5][6][17]. Core Insights - The report highlights that achieving COP28 goals necessitates a doubling of clean energy investment globally by 2030, requiring an additional $600 billion in EMDEs excluding China [5][9]. - It identifies that foreign direct investment (FDI) is crucial for EMDEs to bridge the renewable energy investment gap and finance green projects, especially in the context of low fiscal space and constrained domestic investors [5][6]. - The analysis indicates that a greater number of climate policies correlates with higher FDI flows into renewable energy, particularly in countries with solar potential and low fossil fuel dependence [6][17]. - The report notes that while climate policies positively influence green FDI in renewable energy, they do not show a significant relationship with FDI in electric vehicles (EVs) and green hydrogen [6][39]. Summary by Sections Green FDI and Climate Policies - Green FDI has accelerated since 2016, tripling as a share of global GDP from 2014 to 2022, with inflows increasing from approximately $40 billion in 2014 to over $200 billion in 2022 [26][28]. - The report emphasizes that investments in renewable energy have remained stable, while those in EVs and green hydrogen have surged recently [28][29]. Econometric Evidence - The econometric analysis shows that closing the climate policy gap between EMDEs and advanced economies (AEs) could triple the green FDI to GDP ratio in EMDEs and close 40% of the private renewable investment gap [6][17][36]. - The findings suggest that while climate policies are associated with increased green FDI, they do not adversely affect non-green FDI inflows [36][39]. Country-Specific Experiences - Successful countries in attracting green FDI in renewable energy have implemented a diverse set of climate policies and adapted their energy frameworks to technological changes [8][21]. - For EVs, countries with prior automobile manufacturing experience and national sectoral strategies have seen higher FDI inflows [22][23]. - In the case of green hydrogen, comprehensive national strategies and favorable renewable energy production conditions are key drivers of FDI [8][24]. Global Factors - The report discusses how global initiatives, such as the Just Energy Transition Partnership and EU strategies for green hydrogen, have positively impacted green FDI in EMDEs [24][25]. - It also highlights that geopolitical fragmentation may limit the ability of countries to attract green FDI, as investments are less likely between politically distant nations [20][44].