气候与公平：理解福利影响和指导政策行动的框架（英）2024

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - Reducing the impact of climate change on poor and vulnerable households is essential for hastening poverty reduction. Policies that reduce hazards and/or vulnerability while bringing non-climate benefits should be prioritized [8][13][19] - The framework presented in the report examines the relationship between climate and poverty, focusing on how climate change and climate policies affect household welfare [14][20] - The report emphasizes the need for policies that address climate hazards while minimizing non-climate costs for poor households [16][17] Summary by Sections 1. Background - The World Bank aims to end poverty on a livable planet, highlighting the relationship between poverty and climate objectives. Climate change poses a significant threat to the livelihoods of poor households, necessitating urgent action [19] 2. The Welfare Impacts of Climate - The report introduces an asset-based framework to analyze how climate outcomes affect household income and consumption. Poor households are particularly vulnerable due to their reliance on natural resources and lack of access to financial instruments [23][25] - The hazard, exposure, and vulnerability framework is used to understand the impacts of climate change on welfare, emphasizing that vulnerability varies across households based on their assets and context [29][30] 3. The Welfare Impacts of Climate Policies - Policies that address climate hazards and provide non-climate benefits should be prioritized. Examples include climate-smart agricultural practices and investments in clean energy access [16] - The report discusses the trade-offs inherent in climate policies, particularly the short-term costs that may affect poorer communities during transitions to renewable energy [17] 4. Measuring the Welfare Impacts of Climate Change - The report outlines the importance of vulnerability or damage functions in measuring welfare impacts, which relate losses in welfare to climate conditions. Various methodologies are discussed for estimating these impacts [52][53]