生产寿命：世界银行能做些什么来促进更长、更有成效的工作寿命在积极老龄化的世界中重新思考社会保护和就业（英）2024

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry but emphasizes the need for policy reforms to enhance the productivity and participation of mature workers in labor markets. Core Insights - Productive longevity is crucial for addressing the challenges posed by an aging population, particularly in low and middle-income countries (L/MICs) where older populations are increasing rapidly [8][13][40] - Policies should focus on increasing the productivity and participation of mature workers, which can lead to significant economic benefits, including potential GDP increases of 0.4 percentage points per year in OECD countries [15][40] - The report highlights the importance of addressing both supply and demand-side constraints to foster productive longevity, including removing barriers to work and incentivizing firms to hire mature workers [23][55] Summary by Sections Fostering Productive Longevity - The global population is aging, with projections indicating that by 2050, one in six people will be at least 65 years old, predominantly in L/MICs [13][40] - Mature workers can contribute significantly to economic activity, but their participation rates decline sharply after age 55, necessitating policy interventions to keep them engaged [15][44] Policy Implications for the World Bank - The World Bank's Social Protection and Jobs (SPJ) agenda should incorporate strategies to enhance the productivity of mature workers, including lifelong learning and social protection reforms [40][73] - There is a need for more granular data and diagnostics on aging and labor markets to inform effective policy interventions [75] Constraints and Policy Framework - The report outlines a framework for addressing constraints to productive longevity, focusing on supply-side barriers (e.g., regulatory constraints, underinvestment in skills) and demand-side barriers (e.g., ageism, hiring practices) [26][55] - Effective policy interventions should include reforms to institutional frameworks, promotion of human capital investments, and addressing behavioral constraints related to ageism [23][55] Labor Market Dynamics - Mature workers in poorer countries are more likely to remain active in the labor market compared to those in wealthier countries, where many can afford to retire [44] - Self-employment rates increase with age, and many mature workers face barriers to accessing productive assets and markets, highlighting the need for targeted support [48][59] Recommendations for Action - The report suggests that governments should identify "win-win" policies that promote both productive longevity and support for younger generations, such as affordable childcare services [72] - Expanding effective lifelong learning systems is essential for enhancing the skills and employability of mature workers across all income levels [70][71]