Understanding the Challenges and Constraints of Bhutanese Youth in Accessing Employment Opportunities

Industry Overview - Youth unemployment is a significant global challenge, particularly in Bhutan where nearly half the population is below the age of 30 [1] - The study focuses on understanding the challenges faced by Bhutanese youth, especially women, in accessing employment opportunities [1] - The research highlights the economic benefits of increasing female labor force participation and identifies challenges across different economic sectors [1] Research Methodology - The study employs a qualitative approach, utilizing focus group discussions and key informant interviews across three areas: Thimphu (services), Chukha (industry), and Dagana (agriculture) [4] - Primary and secondary data are used to analyze youth and female unemployment, with a focus on urban and rural issues [4] Key Findings Education and Skills - The education system in Bhutan struggles to equip youth with practical skills needed for the job market, leading to a mismatch between education and employment [5] - There is a notable gender bias in STEM subjects, with fewer females pursuing careers in these fields due to societal expectations [32] - Students with disabilities face significant barriers in accessing education and employment opportunities [46] Female Employment Challenges - Women employees, particularly working mothers, face challenges due to the lack of childcare facilities at workplaces [6] - Women perform 71% of unpaid household and care work, which limits their ability to engage in income-generating activities [35] - Gender pay gaps persist, with females earning less than males in both urban and rural areas [54] Economic Sectors - The agriculture sector employs 49.2% of the labor force but contributes only 20% to GDP, highlighting inefficiencies [18] - The tourism sector, a major contributor to GDP, has been negatively impacted by policy changes such as the increase in the sustainable development fee (SDF) [82] - Technological advancements are reshaping the job market, with many traditional jobs being automated or outsourced [64] Youth Migration - Out-migration of the working-age population, particularly to Australia, is a major concern, with 70% of registered jobseekers seeking overseas employment [70] - This trend could lead to a loss of skilled workers, reduced tax revenues, and underutilization of infrastructure, posing long-term economic challenges [72] Policy Recommendations - Integration of TVET (Technical and Vocational Education and Training) into the mainstream education system to better align skills with market demands [75] - Workplace support for female employees, including childcare services and flexible work arrangements [75] - Addressing social challenges through confidence-building initiatives and mentoring programs to improve youth employability [83] Conclusion - The study provides valuable insights into the complex factors contributing to youth and female unemployment in Bhutan, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to enhance employment opportunities and sustainable development [73][74]