优先级1：提高公共支出对包容性增长的影响

Group 1: Public Spending Efficiency - South Africa's public spending has not effectively supported long-term economic growth and poverty reduction, with a poverty rate of 61.6% based on a $6.85 per day threshold[14] - The fiscal multiplier has been declining since 2010, indicating that an increase in public spending no longer correlates with output growth[17] - Public debt has surged to approximately 75% of GDP by the end of 2023, limiting fiscal space for essential services[19] Group 2: Recommendations for Improvement - The report suggests three priorities to enhance public spending efficiency: creating fiscal space, reallocating resources for inclusive growth, and improving public sector service delivery[11] - Proposed actions include coordinating social projects to focus on results and partnering with the private sector to improve service delivery[42] - It is recommended to invest smarter in programs that enhance employment capabilities for disadvantaged groups in the labor market[62] Group 3: Challenges and Constraints - High current spending and rising debt service payments are constraining available resources for capital and social expenditure, which are crucial for inclusive growth[15] - Public investment in South Africa is significantly lower than in rapidly growing economies, with only 11% of the budget allocated to economic sectors[20] - The public sector's capacity to deliver services effectively has diminished, further reducing the positive impact of public spending on inclusive growth[28]