策略点评：近二十年中国癌症病谱变化趋势与主要癌种患病情况

Group 1 - The overall age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of all cancers in China increased by approximately 1.4% annually from 2000 to 2018, attributed to heightened public awareness and increased participation in cancer screenings [9][11][15] - Male cancer incidence rates remained stable, with significant increases in thyroid, prostate, and colorectal cancers, while esophageal, gastric, and liver cancers showed a declining trend [9][11][15] - Female cancer incidence rates increased significantly at an average of 2.6% per year, driven primarily by rising rates of thyroid and cervical cancers, with declines in esophageal, gastric, and liver cancers [11][15] Group 2 - The overall age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) for all cancers in China decreased by an average of 1.3% annually from 2000 to 2008, reflecting improvements in cancer prevention and treatment [15][16] - The decline in cancer mortality rates was particularly noted for esophageal, gastric, and liver cancers, with male and female mortality rates showing a downward trend [15][16] - In the period from 2014 to 2018, significant decreases in ASMR were observed for gastric, liver, and esophageal cancers among both genders [16] Group 3 - Lung cancer remains the most prevalent cancer in China, with approximately 1.0605 million new cases and 733,300 deaths in 2022, accounting for 42.8% and 40.4% of global totals, respectively [23][24] - Colorectal cancer ranks second in incidence, with about 517,100 new cases in 2022, and the incidence and mortality rates are slightly above the global average [29][30] - Liver cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in China, with approximately 367,700 new cases and 316,500 deaths in 2022, significantly higher than global averages [32][35] Group 4 - Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer deaths in China, with around 358,700 new cases and 260,400 deaths in 2022, also exceeding global averages [36][40] - Thyroid cancer incidence in China has rapidly increased, with 466,100 new cases in 2022, representing over 50% of global new cases, and a five-year survival rate of 92.9% [41][44]