关于尼泊尔的法定和事实上的父母福利覆盖情况(英译中)

Investment Rating - The report does not provide a specific investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The report highlights the significant gender disparity in labor force participation in Nepal, with women being less likely to participate compared to men, primarily due to childcare responsibilities and lack of social protection [8][13][20] - A comprehensive parental benefits framework is necessary to bridge the gap between childcare responsibilities and women's employment [8][20] - The study emphasizes the need for policy changes and sustainable social norm transformations to support women's labor market participation [8][20] Summary by Sections I. National Background and Motivation - Nepal has a large, young labor force with a significant proportion of women, yet formal employment opportunities are scarce, particularly for women [13][15] - The labor force participation rate (LFPR) for women is significantly lower than that of men, with only 26% of women participating compared to 54% of men [13][15] - Women face a substantial wage gap, earning on average 26% less than men, and are more likely to work in informal sectors with limited protections [13][15] II. Literature Review on the Impact of Parental Benefits on Labor Market Participation - Evidence from developed countries shows that parental leave policies are associated with increased female employment [29][30] - In developing countries, mandatory parental leave can positively impact women's employment rates, especially when funded by the government rather than employers [30][33] - The report discusses the widening gap between maternity and paternity leave, which negatively affects women's labor market outcomes [33][34] III. Overview of International Standards on Parental Benefits - The International Labour Organization (ILO) sets minimum standards for maternity leave, recommending at least 14 weeks of paid leave [36][37] - There are no specific standards for paternity leave, which perpetuates gender inequality in caregiving responsibilities [37][38] - The report highlights the need for gender-balanced parental leave policies to enhance women's labor market participation [34][39]