宏观观察2025年第16期（总第588期）：我国出口竞争力（上），整体变化与商品结构特征

Overall Export Competitiveness - Since joining the WTO, China's export competitiveness has shown a steady upward trend, with its global market share rising from 3.9% in 2000 to 14.2% in 2023[13][14] - China's trade surplus has expanded overall, with a cumulative current account surplus of $4.69 trillion from 1998 to 2023, primarily driven by a$7.7 trillion goods trade surplus[22] Structural Changes in Export Products - The global share of labor-intensive products has exhibited a "U-shaped" trend, while the competitiveness of technology-intensive and capital-intensive products has improved, albeit from a lower global share[10][11] - The number of products with comparative advantages has increased, with the RCA index showing that the number of products with an RCA value greater than 1 rose from 46 in 2004 to 65 in 2023, and their share in total exports increased from 47% to 67%[39] Impact of External Factors - The trade friction with the U.S. and the COVID-19 pandemic have significantly impacted certain labor-intensive and raw material-intensive products, but the overall export share has continued to grow since 2018[17][21] - The diversification of export destinations has increased, with ASEAN's share of exports rising by 4.5 percentage points since 2017, compensating for a decline in exports to the U.S.[18] Price Competitiveness - In 2023, China's goods export price index fell by 7.5%, which is significantly higher than the global decline of 4%, enhancing export competitiveness but raising concerns about overcapacity[18]