策略周报：中美博弈如何影响市场-20250421

Group 1: Impact of US-China Competition on Markets - The types of US-China competition can be categorized into four main areas: trade, technology, finance, and geopolitical issues, with tariffs being the most impactful [4] - The technology competition began with significant events such as the ZTE incident in 2018 and the Huawei entity list in 2019, causing short-term market shocks of around 5%, while themes of self-sufficiency and countermeasures performed well structurally [4] - Financial competition included the designation of China as a currency manipulator in 2019 and the Foreign Companies Accountability Act from 2020 to 2022, which had a notable impact on Hong Kong stocks, leading to market shocks of 5-10% [4] - Geopolitical events, such as the closure of consulates and the Xinjiang cotton incident, typically resulted in short-lived market impacts, with recovery occurring within a week, while sectors like defense and self-sufficiency themes performed well [4] Group 2: Trade Dynamics - The trade conflict initiated on March 23, 2018, with the US imposing tariffs on $60 billion worth of Chinese imports, leading to a significant market downturn followed by a three-month period of volatility [11] - Following the escalation of tariffs in June 2018, the market experienced a deeper adjustment, with sectors like defense and technology showing relative resilience [14] - The recent imposition of a 34% "reciprocal tariff" on April 2, 2025, led to a rapid decline in the Shanghai Composite Index, with export-oriented sectors suffering while domestic demand sectors like agriculture and food performed well [25] Group 3: Technology Sector Developments - The US's ban on ZTE in April 2018 marked the beginning of a technology confrontation, leading to a quick release of risk aversion in the A-share market [30] - The arrest of Huawei's CFO in December 2018 escalated concerns about the globalization of Chinese tech firms, causing significant market declines, particularly in the TMT sector [33] - The implementation of the US Chip and Science Act in August 2022 and subsequent export controls have pressured the technology sector, but the narrative of self-sufficiency has gained traction, leading to potential recovery opportunities [42][44] Group 4: Geopolitical Events - The closure of consulates in 2020 led to a brief change in risk appetite, but the market quickly recovered as tensions did not escalate further [50] - The "Xinjiang cotton" incident in 2021 had minimal impact on the overall market, instead boosting domestic brands like Anta and Li Ning [51] - The visit of Nancy Pelosi to Taiwan in August 2022 initially caused market declines, but subsequent recovery was driven by rising expectations for domestic semiconductor production [52] Group 5: Financial Sector Insights - The designation of China as a "currency manipulator" in August 2019 led to a market downturn, but a subsequent liquidity easing allowed for a rapid recovery [60] - The Foreign Companies Accountability Act from 2020 to 2022 primarily impacted US-listed Chinese companies and Hong Kong stocks, but the long-term effects were manageable as many companies opted for secondary listings in Hong Kong [61]