新兴市场研究专题：解读孟加拉国的投资机遇与现存风险

Economic Overview - Bangladesh has shown strong economic growth with an average GDP growth rate exceeding 6% since its independence in 1971, despite starting with a poverty rate of 75%[9] - The current population is approximately 170 million, with a per capita GDP of $2,529, surpassing India[10] - Consumption accounts for 74% of nominal GDP, indicating significant potential for economic growth driven by domestic demand[9] Industrial Structure - The textile and garment industry is a key driver of Bangladesh's economy, accounting for 84.6% of total exports in 2022[10] - The agricultural, industrial, and service sectors contributed 11.20%, 37.56%, and 51.24% to GDP respectively in 2022[10] - Bangladesh faces challenges of low product value addition and high dependency on imported raw materials, particularly in the textile sector[18] Energy and Infrastructure - The energy structure is heavily reliant on natural gas (55%), followed by oil (22%) and coal (7%), with significant challenges in meeting growing electricity demand[25] - Chinese companies have invested approximately$ 500 million in renewable energy projects, including the first centralized wind power project in Bangladesh, launched in October 2023[25] - Infrastructure investment is crucial, with the government facing high construction costs and frequent project delays, leading to fiscal pressures[21] Employment and Social Issues - The youth unemployment rate is approximately 15.74%, highlighting the urgent need for industrial upgrading and job creation[31] - Despite economic progress, the Gini coefficient has increased from 32.4 to 33.4, indicating growing income inequality[36] Geopolitical Context - Bangladesh's strategic location between Myanmar and India makes it a key player in regional security and a focal point for the Belt and Road Initiative[37] - The recent political turmoil, including the resignation of Prime Minister Hasina, raises concerns about policy continuity and economic stability[40]