高盛：从长期投资组合角度看黄金和石油的战略价值

Investment Rating - The report recommends positive optimal allocations to both gold and enhanced oil futures in long-run portfolios as strategic hedges, as they have historically helped to reduce portfolio risk [4][60]. Core Insights - The report concludes that positive long-run allocations to gold and enhanced oil futures are optimal for investors seeking to minimize risk or tail losses for a given return [2][10]. - Gold serves as a hedge against losses in central bank and fiscal credibility, while oil protects against negative supply shocks [2][10]. - The report suggests a higher-than-usual allocation to gold and a lower-than-usual allocation to oil in long-term portfolios [2][10]. Summary by Sections Strategic Case for Gold and Oil - Investors are seeking protection for equity-bond portfolios due to recent failures of US bonds to protect against equity downside and rising US borrowing costs [2][7]. - Historical data indicates that during any 12-month period when real returns for both stocks and bonds were negative, either oil or gold has provided positive real returns [9][14]. Recommendations for Long-Term Portfolios - The report recommends overweighting gold due to high risks to US institutional credibility and sustained central bank demand [44][54]. - It advises underweighting oil because of high spare capacity and reduced risk of shortages in 2025-2026, while still maintaining a positive allocation to oil for potential tail risks [54][59]. Tactical vs. Strategic Positioning - For tactical positioning over shorter horizons (0-2 years), the report recommends going long on gold and using oil puts or put spreads to hedge against recession risks [59][60]. - For strategic hedging over long horizons (5+ years), it emphasizes the importance of gold to protect against shocks to US institutional credibility and suggests a balanced approach to oil [59][60].