显微镜下的中国经济（2025年第20期）：如何看待5月宏观经济形势

Supply and Demand Analysis - In May, the manufacturing PMI showed stability, with the production index above 50%, while new orders, raw material inventory, and employment remained below the critical threshold[3] - The non-manufacturing PMI was at 50.3%, a slight decrease of 0.1 percentage points month-on-month, indicating marginal contraction in services[3] - Real estate investment continues to drag down overall investment, with the construction PMI dropping by 0.9 percentage points to 51%[3] Consumption and Investment Trends - Supported by policy, consumer demand showed improvement, with automobile sales increasing by 26% year-on-year in the last week of May[3] - Real estate sales in 30 cities exceeded 2 million square meters, marking a new high for Q2, with a significant reduction in year-on-year decline[3] - The manufacturing PMI for consumer goods returned to the expansion zone, indicating a recovery in consumer goods production[3] Trade and Export Performance - The external trade situation remained resilient, with the SCFI index rising by 30.7% to 2072.71, and the NCFI index increasing by 51.5% to 1676.25[3] - Port cargo throughput exceeded 270 million tons, showing a month-on-month recovery, indicating strong export activity[3] Economic Outlook and Risks - The economic outlook remains uncertain due to geopolitical risks and potential underperformance of domestic policies[3] - There is a likelihood of reduced contribution from exports to economic growth in the second half of the year, necessitating a reliance on domestic demand to fill the gap[3]