高盛：财政风险如何影响美元

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry or assets discussed Core Insights - Fiscal sustainability has gained increased attention from investors in the US, UK, and Japan, particularly regarding the US's persistent deficit and its impact on foreign demand for US assets [2][4] - The relationship between fiscal expansion and the Dollar is mixed, generally depending on the business cycle and monetary policy, but historically, greater US net issuance tends to be positive for the Dollar [4][5][21] - Concerns about fiscal sustainability and a declining appetite for US assets from foreign investors could lead to higher yields and a weaker Dollar, altering the historical relationship between fiscal expansion and currency strength [5][21] Summary by Sections Fiscal Risks and the Dollar - Investors are increasingly focused on fiscal sustainability, particularly in the context of the US's large and persistent deficit [2][4] - The effect of fiscal expansion on the Dollar varies, but on average, increased US net issuance is typically Dollar-positive due to structural foreign demand for Treasuries [4][5][14] Market Reactions - Pricing of US fiscal risks shows different implications across various foreign exchange (FX) pairs, with high-yielding currencies being more affected by steepening US yield curves [4][18] - A widening in US credit default swaps is often linked to underperformance in cyclical currencies [18][21] Historical Context - Historically, greater net issuance in the US has been associated with a stronger Dollar, but this relationship may not hold as foreign demand for US assets diminishes [5][14][21] - Other G4 economies do not exhibit the same positive relationship between net issuance and currency returns as seen in the US [10][11] Implications for Investors - Investors have accepted higher yields as compensation for holding US debt, but concerns about fiscal sustainability may now lead to a weaker Dollar as well [21] - The report suggests that the historical relationship between US issuance, foreign inflows, and the Dollar may begin to resemble that of other economies if current trends continue [14][21]