黑色金属周报：钢材：钢价低位反弹，基差修复-20250609

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - No information provided in the document. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The current spot market for finished steel products has entered the traditional off - season for consumption, and there may be a seasonal inventory build - up trend in the later period. On the supply side, the production of strip products such as hot - rolled coils remains at a relatively high level due to profit incentives, while the production of rebar continues to decline. The consumption is slightly stronger than the seasonal average, and the supply - demand structure is conducive to the continued narrowing of the spread between hot - rolled coils and rebar. In terms of cost, recent policy expectations on the raw material side have caused disturbances, and steel prices have rebounded slightly from the low level. It is expected that the short - term trend will mainly focus on basis repair, and the rebound pressure should be monitored between the long - process cost (2970) and the off - peak electricity cost (3125) [9]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Conclusion and Balance Sheet - This week, domestic steel spot prices rebounded slightly in a volatile manner. The price of rebar in East China's Shanghai was 3090 yuan (unchanged), and that in Tangshan was 3150 yuan (+20). For hot - rolled coils, the price in Shanghai was 3200 yuan (+30), and that in Tianjin was 3120 yuan (-20) [6]. - As of June 5, the overall production of five major steel products decreased by 0.47 tons, the factory inventory of the five major products decreased by 0.26 tons month - on - month, and the social inventory decreased by 1.53 tons. The apparent demand was 882.17 tons, a month - on - month decrease of 31.62 tons. As of June 6, in the long - process spot market, the cash - inclusive cost of long - process rebar in East China was 2972 yuan, with a point - to - point profit of about 148 yuan, and the long - process cash - inclusive profit of hot - rolled coils was about 128 yuan. In the electric - arc furnace segment, the flat - rate electricity cost of electric - arc furnaces in East China (Fubao's data) was about 3260 yuan, and the off - peak electricity cost was about 3128 yuan. The flat - rate electricity profit of rebar in East China was about - 210 yuan, and the off - peak electricity profit was about - 78 yuan [8]. - In the scrap steel segment, as of June 5, the price of scrap steel in Zhangjiagang was 2080 yuan/ton, unchanged month - on - month. Data showed that the capacity utilization rate of 89 independent electric - arc furnace enterprises was 34.8%, a month - on - month increase of 1 percentage point; the daily consumption of 255 sample steel mills was 54.2 tons, a month - on - month increase of 0.66 tons. Among them, the daily consumption of 132 long - process steel mills was 26.7 tons per day, a month - on - month decrease of 0.15 tons; the daily consumption of short - process steel mills was 17.3 tons, a month - on - month increase of 0.51 tons. In terms of supply, the daily arrival of 255 sample steel mills was 48.7 tons, a month - on - month decrease of 4.7 tons, a decline of 8.8%. In terms of inventory, the total scrap steel inventory of 255 steel enterprises was 513.4 tons, a month - on - month decrease of 29.74 tons, a decline of 5.5%. Overall, the difference between iron and scrap steel prices continued to weaken this period, the economic efficiency of scrap steel slightly improved, and the short - term price is expected to fluctuate with steel prices [8]. 3.2 Supply - Demand Fundamentals 3.2.1 Production and Inventory Data of Five Major Steel Products - The report provides detailed production, inventory, and inventory change data of five major steel products (rebar, hot - rolled coils, medium - thick plates, wire rods, and cold - rolled coils) from March 28, 2025, to June 6, 2025, as well as the latest week - on - week changes [10][11]. 3.2.2 Steel Production Statistics - In 2024, according to the statistics bureau's data, the crude steel production was 1.005 billion tons, a decrease of 13.99 million tons compared with 2023, a decline of 1.7%; the pig iron production was 852 million tons, a decrease of 13.27 million tons compared with 2023, a decline of 2.3%. From January to April 2025, the cumulative pig iron production was 289 million tons, a year - on - year increase of 0.8%, and the cumulative crude steel production was 345 million tons, a year - on - year increase of 0.4% [17]. 3.2.3 Economic Data - The PMI in May 2025 was 49.5%. Compared with April 2025, the production index increased by 0.9 percentage points, the new order index increased by 0.6 percentage points, and the new export order index increased by 2.8 percentage points [22]. 3.2.4 Crude Steel Supply - Demand Balance Sheet - The report presents the supply - demand balance sheet of crude steel from 2019 to 2025E, including data on crude steel production, pig iron production, scrap steel - made steel production, crude steel imports and exports, and inventory changes [33]. 3.2.5 Supply - Side Data - Long - process supply: As of June 6, 2025, the blast furnace capacity utilization rate of 247 steel enterprises was 90.7% (unchanged from May 30), and the daily pig iron output was 241.8 tons, a decrease of 0.11 tons compared with May 30 [49]. - Short - process supply: As of June 5, the capacity utilization rate of 89 domestic electric - arc furnace plants was 34.8% (+1 percentage point); as of June 6, the difference between iron and scrap steel prices was - 113 yuan (-5.5 yuan) [52]. - Scrap steel data: The daily arrival of scrap steel at 255 steel mills decreased, and the inventory also decreased. The daily consumption of scrap steel increased overall, with short - process consumption increasing and long - process consumption decreasing [8]. 3.2.6 Demand - Side Data - Rebar production and inventory: This week, the original sample rebar production was 218.46 tons (-7.05 tons), including 193.66 tons of long - process production (-6.46 tons) and 24.8 tons of short - process production (-0.59 tons). The rebar factory inventory was 184.86 tons (-1.6 tons), the social inventory was 385.62 tons (-8.97 tons), and the total inventory was 570.48 tons (-10.57 tons) [65][81]. - Hot - rolled coil supply and demand: This week, the hot - rolled coil production was 328.75 tons, a month - on - month increase of 9.2 tons; the apparent demand was 320.92 tons, a month - on - month decrease of 6.01 tons. The factory inventory increased by 1.33 tons, the social inventory increased by 6.5 tons, and the overall inventory increased by 7.83 tons [84]. - Plate demand: As of June 6, the cold - hot spread in Shanghai was 510 yuan/ton (-10 yuan) [91]. - Export situation: As of June 6, the FOB export price of China was $445 (-$10), the export profit was - $11.5 (-$20.4), and the outbound volume from 32 major domestic ports was 2.7219 million tons (-0.153 million tons) [96].