Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - High-skilled immigrants, defined as those who arrived in the US for college or after earning a degree elsewhere, significantly contribute to the US economy through innovation, productivity, and fiscal impact [3][4][30] - High-skilled immigrants account for approximately 5% of the US labor force but represent a larger share in industries requiring advanced education, such as information services and pharmaceuticals [3][15] - The median annual earnings for high-skilled immigrants are about $20k higher than their college-educated native-born counterparts in the top 20 industries where they are most prevalent [19][25] Employment and Earnings - As of 2023, there were approximately 8.2 million high-skilled immigrants in the US, up from 3.4 million in 2015, representing 5% of the labor force [8][6] - High-skilled immigrants who came to the US for college earn roughly $15k more annually than those who arrived later and college-educated native-born workers [19][22] - In industries with a high concentration of high-skilled immigrants, median annual earnings for these workers are significantly higher than for their native-born counterparts [25][28] Innovation and Business Formation - High-skilled immigrants constitute 13% of the STEM workforce and hold 29% of US Nobel Prizes, indicating their substantial role in innovation [30][33] - They are responsible for 20% of venture capital-backed startups and patent at double the rate of native-born inventors [35][30] - High-skilled immigrants contribute to 36% of aggregate innovation, as measured by patent citations [35][30] Fiscal Effects - Each additional high-skilled immigrant is estimated to lower the federal budget deficit by approximately $75k over ten years, with those in STEM fields contributing even more [39][40] - The entire stock of high-skilled immigrants in the US is estimated to exert $50-80 billion in downward pressure on the federal deficit annually [40][39] Spillover Effects - The spillover effects of high-skilled immigrants on native-born workers vary, with some studies indicating positive impacts on wages and employment for native workers [41][46] - High-skilled immigrants are associated with increased innovation among native-born inventors, contributing to a higher rate of patenting activity [43][46]
高盛:美国经济-探究高技能移民对美国经济的影响
Goldman Sachs·2025-06-11 02:16