能源列国志：阿尔及利亚：摘要Abstract

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Viewpoints - Algeria has abundant oil and gas resources, with proven oil reserves of about 1.7 billion tons (1% of the global total, ranking 15th in the world) and proven recoverable natural gas reserves of 4.58 trillion cubic meters (2.37% of the world's total, ranking 10th). The oil and gas industry is the core of its economy, contributing about 30% of GDP and 60% of fiscal revenue. Crude oil and LNG exports account for over 85% of foreign trade, with 70% going to Europe and South Korea and India being major export destinations in the Asia - Pacific region [1]. - The dominance of the energy economy exposes Algeria to the risk of economic monoculture. Fluctuations in oil and gas prices directly affect fiscal stability, and the agricultural self - sufficiency rate is less than 50%, with food imports accounting for 15% of total imports. The country is actively promoting diversification, accelerating the development of manufacturing and tourism for sustainable growth [2]. 3. Summary by Directory 3.1 National Overview - Geographical Location: Algeria, covering 2.38 million square kilometers, is in northwest Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea. It is a strategic hub for energy trade between Africa and Europe. It has a tropical desert climate, with a Mediterranean climate in the north and arid conditions inland and in the south [7]. - Economic Overview: With a population of about 46.63 million, 99% of its residents are Muslims. Arabic is the official language, and French is also widely used. The economy is dominated by the energy industry. In 2024, its GDP was $24.763 billion, and per - capita GDP was $5,580. The government is promoting economic diversification by developing manufacturing and tourism [11]. - Historical and Political Situation: After a long history of foreign rule, Algeria became an independent republic in 1962, adopting a semi - presidential system. It has a two - chamber parliament and maintains diplomatic relations with 178 countries, following an independent and non - aligned foreign policy [12][13]. 3.2 Oil and Other Liquids - Production: Algeria produces low - sulfur light crude oil. Over the past decade, liquid fuel production has declined from 1.7 million barrels per day in 2014 to 1.4 million barrels per day in 2023, mainly due to a lack of new oil discoveries and the decline of mature fields [14]. - Refining: Sonatrach owns and operates the refineries, most of which were built between the 1960s and 1980s. Plans for new refineries have been delayed, with only the Hassi Messaoud refinery under construction, scheduled to start production in 2027 [17]. 3.3 Natural Gas - Production and Consumption: From 2014 - 2023, the average annual production of dry natural gas was about 3.3 Tcf, and the average annual consumption was 1.6 Tcf. In 2023, production reached a record high of 3.7 Tcf due to upstream investment and reduced gas reinjection in oil fields [19]. - Export: Algeria exports surplus natural gas. From 2014 - 2023, the average annual export was about 1.7 Tcf, and in 2023, it was about 1.9 Tcf, mostly to Europe. It has two LNG receiving stations and exports gas through three trans - continental pipelines [36][37]. 3.4 Coal Algeria does not produce coal and has extremely low consumption, with an average annual consumption of 2.4 thousand short tons from 2014 - 2023. It imports almost all metallurgical coal and a small amount of bituminous coal [23][44]. 3.5 Electricity - Consumption and Generation: In 2023, net electricity consumption was about 86 GWh, a 61% increase from ten years ago. The installed power generation capacity was 22.6 GW, with nearly 97% from fossil fuels. The installed capacity has increased by about 42% in the past decade [25]. - Renewable Energy: Algeria has potential in wind and solar energy. The government is accelerating the development of renewable energy, aiming for 15 GW of installed capacity by 2035, and has made some progress in attracting foreign investment [28][29]. 3.6 Energy Trade - Oil and Other Liquids: From 2015 - 2024, the average annual crude oil export was 532,000 barrels per day, and in 2024, it was 402,000 barrels per day. Europe is the main export destination. Oil product exports far exceed imports [30][33]. - Natural Gas: From 2014 - 2023, the average annual natural gas export was about 1.7 Tcf, and in 2023, it was about 1.9 Tcf, mainly to Europe. Exports are in the form of LNG and pipeline gas [36]. - Coal: All coal consumption is met through imports, mainly metallurgical coal [44]. - Electricity: Algeria both imports and exports electricity. From 2014 - 2023, the average annual import was about 0.5 GWh, and the average annual export was about 1.2 GWh. It is trying to expand electricity trade and has plans to export to Italy and other European markets [47].