宏观经济点评报告：美国衰退观察Ⅱ，胀与滞的距离

Economic Overview - Recent economic data in the U.S. shows marginal changes that do not match the volatility in asset prices and macro narratives, indicating a potential economic slowdown[3] - Tariff inflation has not materialized as expected, and the divergence between hard and soft data is beginning to correct, but this does not imply a weakening economy[3] Inflation and Tariff Impact - The probability of tariff inflation being lower than expected is increasing, with oil prices becoming a highly volatile variable affecting this outlook[3] - The U.S. effective tariff rate has significantly increased, but the transmission mechanism to the real economy remains unclear[12] Employment and Consumption Trends - The baseline scenario suggests a systematic weakening of the U.S. economy rather than a clear fracture in any specific sector, with service consumption and employment showing signs of caution[4] - Non-farm payroll risks are increasing, with potential monthly growth dropping to around 50,000 or even negative levels[4] Risks and Uncertainties - Increased uncertainty in the Middle East could significantly raise oil prices, leading to higher inflation in the U.S.[5] - Trump's domestic policies face greater resistance, which may lead to increased fiscal stimulus and unexpected monetary easing from the Federal Reserve[5] Labor Market Dynamics - The U.S. labor market is showing signs of decoupling, with rising unemployment rates despite stable non-farm payroll data, indicating a potential shift in labor supply dynamics[27] - Permanent unemployment numbers are approaching 2 million, reflecting a concerning upward trend in the labor market[35] Consumer Behavior - Consumer sentiment is declining, as evidenced by a significant drop in auto sales and rising savings rates, indicating a cautious approach to spending[44] - The contribution of government social benefits to disposable income growth is concerning, as it suggests increased reliance on social safety nets rather than labor income[46]