2024全球车企成本分拆：国内车企盈利能力提升，追赶海外车企高盈利

Investment Rating - The report maintains a recommendation for the domestic automotive industry, indicating an improvement in profitability and a pursuit to catch up with overseas automakers [2]. Core Insights - Overseas automakers have a higher average adjusted net profit margin than domestic independent brands by approximately 5 percentage points (PP) in 2024. The trend shows that while overseas automakers experienced a decline in 2023, domestic automakers improved, reflecting similar trends in gross margins [3][21]. - The report highlights that overseas automakers have higher gross margins than domestic independent brands by about 7PP in 2024, with the gap narrowing over recent years [19][21]. - The analysis indicates that domestic automakers are benefiting from the scale-up of new energy vehicle sales, leading to improvements in both gross and net profit margins [10][21]. Summary by Sections 1) Profitability - In 2024, overseas ordinary vehicles are projected to sell 4.79 million units, domestic independent brands 1.7 million units, and overseas luxury vehicles 1.42 million units, showcasing the larger sales volume of overseas automakers [18]. - The report notes that the average adjusted gross margin for overseas luxury vehicles is 21%, overseas ordinary vehicles 20%, and domestic independent brands 13%, with overseas automakers maintaining a significant margin advantage [21][26]. 2) Cost Structure: Input Perspective - The total cost structure for automakers is approximately 100% = COGS 86% + sales expenses 6% + management expenses 3% + R&D expenses 5% + financial expenses 0% [12]. - The report indicates that overseas automakers have higher management and sales expense ratios, primarily due to significantly higher labor costs [4][12]. 3) Cost Structure: Transformation Perspective - The report emphasizes that domestic automakers have increased their investment in sales and R&D, while overseas automakers have seen a decrease in these ratios due to rising material costs [12][22]. - The analysis suggests that despite the current profitability and product structure advantages of overseas automakers, domestic brands are enhancing their competitiveness through electric and intelligent transformations [11][12]. 4) Summary and Investment Recommendations - The report concludes that domestic automakers have substantial growth potential in terms of sales, market share, average selling price (ASP), and profitability, driven by advancements in electric and intelligent vehicle technologies [10][11]. - Recommended stocks include BYD, Geely, Li Auto, and JAC Motors, with a focus on structural opportunities in the short term [10].