高盛：美股探寻 2025 年第二季度财报季中关税的早期影响

Investment Rating - The report indicates a positive outlook for the S&P 500, forecasting a return of +5% over the next 12 months, reaching a target of 6500 [3][44]. Core Insights - The S&P 500 earnings per share (EPS) growth is expected to decelerate to 4% year-over-year in 2Q 2025, down from 12% in 1Q 2025, primarily due to margin contraction [2][7]. - The effective US tariff rate has increased by approximately 10 percentage points to 13%, with expectations of a further rise to 17% [2][14]. - Analysts predict that the S&P 500 will collectively exceed the low EPS growth expectations set for 2Q 2025 [2][7]. Summary by Sections Earnings Season Insights - The 2Q earnings season will commence on July 15, with 73% of S&P 500 companies reporting between July 11 and August 1 [2][4]. - Analysts forecast a modest sales growth of 4% in 2Q, down from 5% in 1Q, with a significant portion of the deceleration attributed to margin pressures [7][9]. Tariff Impact - The report highlights that if companies absorb the tariff costs, it could negatively impact their margins, with consumers expected to bear 70% of the direct costs [2][15]. - Early earnings results have shown mixed signals regarding margin outlooks, with some companies managing to offset tariff impacts through various strategies [20][21]. Sector Performance - Earnings are expected to decline the most in the Energy sector (-28% year-over-year), while Communication Services and Information Technology are projected to see growth of +28% and +18%, respectively [9][10]. - Capex revisions have been positive for AI-exposed sectors, while most other sectors have seen reductions in estimates [32][36]. Future Projections - The report anticipates S&P 500 EPS growth of +7% in 2025, aligning with bottom-up consensus estimates, while projecting a margin expansion of 29 basis points to 12.2% [38][39]. - The consensus expects solid sales growth through 2025, with nominal GDP growth forecasted at 4.5% year-over-year in 2025 [26][28].