2025年上半年经济数据点评：5.3%的预期与现实相关研究

Economic Overview - The GDP for the first half of 2025 is reported at 66,053.6 billion yuan, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 5.3%, with Q1 growth at 5.4% and Q2 at 5.2% [1][2] - The resilience of China's GDP against the backdrop of international trade tensions is expected to provide a strategic advantage, particularly in the context of tariff escalations by the US [1][2] Policy Implications - The current economic growth rate reduces the urgency for aggressive policy adjustments, as a projected growth of 4.7% in the second half would still meet the annual target of around 5% [2] - The report highlights a potential risk of economic divergence, with a repeat of last year's trend of strong production but weak consumption, particularly influenced by real estate price declines and reduced policy support [2][3] Consumption Trends - Retail sales showed signs of recovery, driven by the "trade-in" policy, particularly in categories like home appliances and automobiles, although there are concerns about base effects impacting growth in the latter half of the year [3][4] - A significant decline in restaurant revenues in June is attributed to high base effects from the previous year, changes in statistical methodologies, and increased competition among platforms like JD and Meituan [3][4] Industrial Performance - Industrial production exceeded expectations due to a surge in exports, with June's industrial value-added growth recorded at 6.8% [3][4] - However, the report notes a decline in capacity utilization rates across several industries, indicating potential pressures on future industrial output [6][22] Investment Insights - Manufacturing investment growth has slowed, with June's year-on-year growth at 5.1%, reflecting weakened private sector confidence and investment activity [6][25] - Infrastructure investment remains crucial, with a resilient performance in the first half of the year, although growth rates have recently declined [6][29] Real Estate Market - The real estate sector is under pressure compared to the previous year, with a clear trend of focusing on existing stock rather than new developments [6][34] - Despite improvements in sales and construction metrics compared to last year, recent data indicates a decline in transactions in major cities since July [6][34]