宏观经济专题：国内工业品价格表现偏强

Supply and Demand - Construction activity remains at a seasonal low, with asphalt and cement dispatch rates at historical lows, and funding availability on construction sites lower than in 2024[13] - Industrial production shows a slight decline in chemical chain operating rates, while automotive steel tire operating rates have increased, indicating overall industrial activity remains at a historical high[23] - Demand in construction is weak, with apparent demand for rebar, wire rods, and building materials below historical levels[31] Price Trends - International commodity prices have seen a rebound in oil and gold, while non-ferrous metal prices have declined[38] - Domestic industrial products are experiencing a strong performance, with the Nanhua Composite Index showing a rebound, particularly in the black series and construction materials like asphalt and cement[40] - Agricultural product prices, including pork, have shown signs of recovery in recent weeks[48] Real Estate Market - New housing transactions in major cities have decreased significantly, with a 51% drop in average transaction area compared to the previous two weeks, and a year-on-year decline of 35% compared to 2023[61] - Second-hand housing transactions remain weak, with Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen showing year-on-year declines of -18%, -1%, and +8% respectively[65] Export Performance - Port container throughput increased by 3.9% year-on-year before July 20, with export growth projected at approximately +1.5%[70] - The Shanghai container ship loading index suggests a potential export growth of around +4%[70] Liquidity and Interest Rates - Recent weeks have seen a rise in funding rates, with R007 and DR007 both at 1.51% as of July 18[83] - The central bank has conducted a net withdrawal of 657 billion yuan through reverse repos in the last two weeks[86]