铁元素与碳元素年度走势再评估

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Viewpoints Market Analysis - Overseas consumption remains at a high level, with India continuing to show significant growth. From January to May 2025, overseas crude steel production totaled 35,151 million tons, a year-on-year decrease of 0.8%, but a year-on-year increase of 0.3% in May. Overseas crude steel consumption totaled 40,416 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 1.5%. From January to June, China's net exports of crude steel equivalent totaled 5,266 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 20.6% [4]. - Domestic steel exports have increased significantly, while domestic demand remains stable, leading to strong demand for raw materials. From January to June 2025, domestic crude steel production totaled 55,152 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 0.4%. Crude steel consumption totaled 48,481 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 0.7%. In June, both production and consumption of domestic crude steel showed positive trends. In the first half of the year, China's net exports of crude steel equivalent totaled 6,362 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 21.3%. In June, the total of crude steel production and exports reached 9,621 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 5.4%. During the same period, domestic pig iron production totaled 44,865 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 3.1%, and iron ore consumption increased by 2,198 million tons [4]. - The supply of iron elements is tight, and inventory is at a medium level. From January to June, domestic steel consumption remained resilient. In June, domestic crude steel consumption increased by 3.3% year-on-year, and net exports of crude steel equivalent increased by 22.1%. The total of domestic demand and exports in June decreased month-on-month but increased significantly year-on-year. In the first half of the year, steel mills adopted a production - based - on - sales strategy, and steel inventory continued to decline. Currently, the total iron ore inventory is at a medium level, and steel and scrap steel inventories are at low levels. In the short term, the iron ore market remains in a tight - balance state [5][6]. - The supply of carbon elements is relatively tight due to decreased production and imports. Since the beginning of this year, the supply of carbon elements has been significantly affected by domestic production and imports, and the market is in a tight - balance state. The inventory of carbon elements has been continuously decreasing. After the Spring Festival, the de - stocking trend of carbon elements was stronger than in previous years. From mid - June, with the continuous decline in coking coal supply and strong domestic steel consumption and exports, the inventory of coking coal and carbon elements began to decline, and the coking coal price continued to rebound [7]. Strategy - The annual outlook suggests that the rate of iron ore inventory accumulation will narrow, and the supply and demand of coking coal and coke will remain in a tight - balance state [8]. 3. Summary by Directory 2025 1 - 5 Global Steel Industry Supply and Demand Analysis Overseas Consumption Remains High, India Continues to Grow Significantly - From January to May 2025, overseas crude steel production totaled 35,151 million tons, a year-on-year decrease of 0.8%, but a year-on-year increase of 0.3% in May. Overseas crude steel consumption totaled 40,416 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 1.5%. From January to June, China's net exports of crude steel equivalent totaled 5,266 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 20.6% [16]. - From January to May 2025, overseas total iron production totaled 22,055 million tons, a year-on-year decrease of 0.5%, and iron ore consumption decreased by 178 million tons. In May, overseas total iron production increased by 1.8% year-on-year. From January to May, overseas scrap steel consumption totaled 16,611 million tons, a year-on-year decrease of 1.3% [21]. Domestic Demand Remains Stable, Exports Increase Significantly, and Raw Material Demand Remains Strong - From January to June 2025, domestic crude steel production totaled 55,152 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 0.4%. Crude steel consumption totaled 48,481 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 0.7%. In June, both production and consumption of domestic crude steel showed positive trends. In the first half of the year, China's net exports of crude steel equivalent totaled 6,362 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 21.3%. In June, the total of crude steel production and exports reached 9,621 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 5.4%. During the same period, domestic pig iron production totaled 44,865 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 3.1%, and iron ore consumption increased by 2,198 million tons [25]. Anti - Dumping Investigations Cause Disturbances, but Exports Remain Resilient - In 2024, China's steel exports exceeded 100 million tons, reaching a new high since 2017. In the first half of 2025, China's steel exports totaled 5,815 million tons, an increase of 475 million tons compared to the same period last year. Among the top 10 export destinations, Vietnam, South Korea, and India saw significant declines in imports from China due to tariff increases. Overall, exports remain strong, and most steel products continue to show growth in exports [32]. Iron Element Supply is Tight, Inventory Remains at a Medium Level Domestic Iron Ore Production Declines Month - on - Month, Supply Decreases Year - on - Year in the First Half - From January to June, the cumulative output of domestic iron ore concentrate powder was 12,862 tons, a year-on-year decrease of 5.0%, continuing the low - supply situation since the second half of last year. It is expected that some production will be replenished in the second half of the year [42]. Iron Ore Supply from Australia and Brazil Increases, Supply from Non - Mainstream Sources Continues to Shrink - From January to June, China's total iron ore imports were 59,255 million tons, a year-on-year decrease of 2.9%. Among them, imports from Australia were 36,417 million tons, a slight year-on-year decrease of 0.1%; imports from Brazil were 11,948 million tons, a decrease of 4.1%. Imports from South Africa and India were 2,050 million tons and 1,337 million tons respectively, with year-on-year changes of + 3.4% and - 46.5%. Imports from other non - Australian, Brazilian, Indian, and South African countries were 7,503 million tons, a year-on-year decrease of 2.0%. Overall, in June, the decline in iron ore imports from Australia and Brazil narrowed, and the supply from non - mainstream sources showed a contraction trend [44]. Domestic Demand Remains Resilient, Exports are Strong, and Iron Element Inventory is at a Medium - Low Level - From January to June, domestic steel consumption remained resilient. In June, domestic crude steel consumption increased by 3.3% year-on-year, and net exports of crude steel equivalent increased by 22.1%. The total of domestic demand and exports in June decreased month-on-month but increased significantly year-on-year. In the first half of the year, steel mills adopted a production - based - on - sales strategy, and steel inventory continued to decline. Currently, the total iron ore inventory is at a medium level, and steel and scrap steel inventories are at low levels. In the short term, the iron ore market remains in a tight - balance state [56][57]. Production and Imports Decrease, Carbon Element Supply is Relatively Tight Falling Prices and Safety Production Measures Lead to a Decrease in Domestic Coking Coal Production - Since 2023, coal production has been affected by frequent coal mine accidents. In order to eliminate safety hazards and strengthen safety production, relevant government agencies have issued a series of coal production safety policies. At the beginning of this year, the impact of coal mine accidents on supply gradually subsided, and domestic coking coal supply quickly recovered, putting pressure on coking coal prices. In June, affected by the continuous decline in coking coal prices, the pressure on coal mine inventory increased, and coking coal production continued to decline. As of July 17, the daily average output of raw coal and clean coal from sample mines was lower than the same period last year [58][60]. Continuous Price Decline Leads to a Decrease in Coking Coal Imports - In the past few years, imports of coking coal from Mongolia and Russia have continued to increase. In 2024, China's net imports of coking coal reached a record high of 12,114 million tons. From January to June this year, China's net imports of coking coal were 5,282 million tons, a year-on-year decrease of 7.36%. Among them, imports from Mongolia decreased by 479 million tons, imports from Russia decreased by 2 million tons, and imports from Australia decreased by 23 million tons. Imports from the United States increased by 206 million tons in the first half of the year, but the import volume was zero in May and June [62][63]. Carbon Element Supply and Demand are in a Tight - Balance State, Inventory Structure is Continuously Optimized - Since the beginning of this year, the supply of carbon elements has been significantly affected by domestic production and imports, and the market is in a tight - balance state. The inventory of carbon elements has been continuously decreasing. After the Spring Festival, the de - stocking trend of carbon elements was stronger than in previous years. From mid - June, with the continuous decline in coking coal supply and strong domestic steel consumption and exports, the inventory of coking coal and carbon elements began to decline, and the coking coal price continued to rebound. Currently, the inventory structure of carbon elements shows a high degree of balance [72]. Re - evaluation of Iron and Carbon Elements Iron Element Supply is Expected to Recover, Iron Ore Inventory will be at a Medium - High Level - In April, overseas consumption was lower than expected, and overseas crude steel production and sales data were revised downwards. It is estimated that overseas crude steel consumption will increase by 1.4% year-on-year in 2025, while crude steel production is expected to decrease by 0.1%. Overseas demand for crude steel imports remains strong, and it is expected to increase by more than 1,350 million tons compared to 2025. Overseas scrap steel consumption is expected to decrease by 679 million tons, and overseas total iron production is expected to increase by 612 million tons, equivalent to an increase of 979 million tons in iron ore consumption. Based on the assumption that domestic steel consumption will increase by 0.4% year-on-year and considering the increase in iron ore imports in the second half of this year, relevant supply assumptions are made [77]. Production Increases, Imports Decrease, Supply and Demand of Coking Coal and Coke are in a Tight - Balance State - Based on the assumption of an increase in crude steel and pig iron production, it is estimated that the consumption of coke (for ironmaking) will increase by 652 million tons in 2025. Considering the poor coking profit in the past, coking plants generally adopt a production - based - on - sales strategy. The annual coke production is expected to increase by 439 million tons. The coke market will remain in a tight - balance state, and inventory will remain at a low level. Given the current decline in domestic coking coal production and a significant decrease in imports, the coking coal market will also be in a tight - balance state, and coking coal inventory is expected to reach a low level [3][7].