2025年7月FOMC点评：美联储近期降息受阻，远期降息空间或被低估

Group 1: Federal Reserve Policy Insights - The Federal Reserve maintained the federal funds rate target range at 4.25%-4.50%, aligning with market expectations[7] - The decision was not unanimous, with a vote of 9 in favor and 2 against, indicating growing internal divisions within the Fed[7] - The Fed's description of the U.S. economic outlook was slightly downgraded, reflecting concerns over economic activity slowing down[7] Group 2: Inflation and Economic Risks - Inflation risks are currently perceived to be higher than growth risks, complicating the Fed's decision-making process[7] - The market anticipates an 80% probability of a rate cut in September and a 95% probability of cumulative cuts by October, suggesting a significant expectation of easing monetary policy[7] - The report highlights risks of a hard landing for the U.S. economy and a potential rebound in inflation, which could hinder future rate cuts[3] Group 3: Diverging Opinions within the Fed - Three distinct factions have emerged within the Fed regarding interest rate policy: those favoring no cuts, those advocating for delayed cuts, and those pushing for immediate cuts[7] - The internal divisions are primarily driven by differing views on inflation and ongoing political pressures affecting the Fed's independence[7] - The report suggests that the current inflation rebound is largely driven by high import dependence and low inventory levels, while domestic service inflation continues to decline[7]