能源列国志：印尼：摘要Abstract

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - Nigeria is rich in resources, with significant reserves of oil, gas, and coal, and the oil industry is its economic pillar. However, it faces challenges such as low domestic refining capacity, high inflation, complex security situation, and under - developed infrastructure [2][11]. - The country's energy production has declined in recent years due to factors like reduced international investment, oil theft, and aging infrastructure. At the same time, it is making efforts in energy infrastructure construction and power development [16][33]. 3. Summary According to the Directory 3.1 National Overview - Geographical Location: Located in southeastern West Africa, bordered by multiple countries, with a tropical monsoon climate [8]. - Economic Overview: In 2023, GDP was $374.9 billion, per - capita GDP was $1,690, and inflation was 25%. The oil industry is the mainstay, but other industries are under - developed. Agriculture has declined due to the rise of the oil industry but is recovering. Main exports are minerals and primary agricultural products, while imports are machinery and consumer goods [9][11][12]. - Historical Politics: An ancient African country, now a federal republic with a complex political and security situation, affected by terrorism and armed groups. It pursues an African - centered foreign policy and is a member of many international organizations [13][14][15]. 3.2 Oil and Other Liquids - Reserves: Proven crude oil reserves in early 2023 were estimated at 37.1 billion barrels, mainly producing light, low - sulfur crude oil [16]. - Production: In 2021, crude oil and Lease condensate production was about 1.5 million barrels per day, down nearly 37% from 2012. Production decline is due to multiple factors [16]. - Refining: Although the nominal refinery capacity can meet domestic demand, state - owned refineries have been shut down since 2020, and the government's plan to build small modular refineries has been delayed [20]. 3.3 Gas - Reserves: Proven gas reserves in early 2023 were estimated at 206.5 Tcf. From 2012 - 2021, average dry gas production was about 1.5 Tcf, and consumption was 649 Bcf [23]. - Utilization: A large amount of gas is flared or reinjected. There is a GTL plant in Escravos with a nominal capacity of 33,000 barrels per day [25]. - Export: Nigeria exports most of its unconsumed gas, mainly LNG. In 2021, it exported about 824 Bcf, mainly to Europe and Asia [41]. 3.4 Coal - Reserves: In 2022, coal reserves were about 379 million short tons. Production and consumption are relatively low, and coal is imported to meet demand [26]. 3.5 Electricity - Power Generation: Mainly relies on fossil fuels, with some hydropower. In 2021, total installed capacity was 11.7 GW, and power generation was about 31.5 GWh, with 74% from fossil fuels [30]. - Electrification: In 2020, about 55% of households had electricity, with a significant urban - rural gap. The government is promoting hydropower and solar projects [33]. 3.6 Energy Trade - Oil and Other Liquids: Nigeria hardly imports crude oil or Lease condensate. Crude oil and condensate exports have declined. It exports a small amount of oil products and imports a large amount, mainly for power and transportation [35]. - Gas: Does not import gas and exports unconsumed gas, mainly LNG. It is expanding its LNG terminal and pipeline capacity [41][43]. - Coal and Electricity: Imports coal to meet domestic demand, with an average annual import of 35,000 short tons from 2012 - 2021 [46].