能源列国志：埃及

Report Industry Investment Rating No information provided in the report. Core Viewpoints - Egypt is an open - market economy with a relatively complete industrial, agricultural, and service system. Its economy is service - led, followed by light industries such as textile and food processing. Oil and gas, tourism, remittances, and the Suez Canal are its four major foreign exchange income sources [1][9]. - Egypt is rich in energy resources, with significant reserves of oil, gas, phosphate, and iron. It plays an important role in global oil and gas trade due to its control of key transportation routes [2]. - In recent years, Egypt has faced challenges in energy production, such as a decline in crude oil production, while also actively promoting energy - related infrastructure construction and renewable energy development [14][29]. Summary by Directory 1. Egypt National Overview - Geographical Location: Egypt covers 1001,000 square kilometers, spanning Asia and Africa. It has a long coastline and significant climate differences, with a Mediterranean climate in the north and a tropical desert climate in most other areas [8]. - Economic Overview: With a population of about 104 million and over 10 million overseas migrants, Egypt's GDP in 2024 was $403 billion with a 3% growth rate. Services, industry, and agriculture account for 46%, 36%, and 18% of GDP respectively. It is a major food importer and has good tourism development conditions. Its main resources include oil, gas, phosphate, and iron, and its main trade partners are China, the UAE, and the US. In the 2023/2024 fiscal year, its foreign trade volume was $104.7 billion [9][11]. - Historical Politics: As one of the four ancient civilizations, Egypt has a long history of dynasties. It has been successively conquered by various powers and finally became the Arab Republic of Egypt in 1971. It plays an important role in international affairs and joined the BRICS in 2024 [12][13]. 2. Oil and Other Liquids - Crude Oil Grades: Egypt has three main crude oil grades: Suez, Belayim, and Western Desert. Suez and Belayim are medium - sulfur crude oils, while Western Desert is light - low - sulfur crude oil [14]. - Production: From 2014 - 2023, the average daily production of liquid fuels was about 694,000 barrels, mainly crude oil and lease condensate. However, due to a lack of major oil discoveries, production has declined [14]. - Refineries: Egypt has 8 refineries with a total rated capacity of about 763,000 barrels per day. Some refineries are being upgraded, such as the Middle East and Assiut refineries [17]. 3. Natural Gas - Production and Consumption: From 2013 - 2022, the average annual production and consumption of dry natural gas were about 2 Tcf. Consumption has been increasing, but production growth has stagnated since the 2020s [20]. - Projects: Multiple offshore gas fields, such as the Zohr field, have promoted gas production. The government is developing new projects, and in 2023, Egypt flared about 66 Bcf of gas [20][21]. 4. Coal - Egypt does not produce coal and relies entirely on imports. The average annual coal consumption from 2013 - 2022 was about 2.8 million short tons, mainly for the industrial sector, especially construction [24]. 5. Electricity - Installed Capacity: From 2013 - 2022, the total power - generation installed capacity almost doubled, with most growth from fossil - fuel power generation. Non - hydro renewable energy capacity also increased significantly, reaching 3.4 GW in 2022 [26]. - Renewable Energy Goals: The Egyptian government aims for 42% of total installed capacity to come from renewable energy by 2035. Projects such as a 10 GW wind project and a 10 GW solar project are in development [29]. - Nuclear Power: Egypt is starting to develop nuclear power. The El Dabaa nuclear power plant is under construction, with a planned total installed capacity of 4.8 GW by 2030 [30]. 6. Energy Trade - Oil and Other Liquids: Egypt controls important oil and gas transportation routes. From 2013 - 2022, it exported an average of about 239,000 barrels per day of crude oil and condensate and imported about 111,000 barrels per day. In 2023, it exported about 166,000 barrels per day, mainly to Europe [31][32]. - Natural Gas: Egypt has two major regional gas pipelines. From 2013 - 2022, it exported an average of about 126 Bcf of gas and imported about 122 Bcf. In 2023, it exported about 173 Bcf of LNG, mainly to Europe [35][37].