2025年7月美国零售数据点评：美国消费增速趋缓，支持美联储年内降息

Retail Data Overview - In July 2025, U.S. retail sales increased by 0.5% month-on-month, matching expectations, but down from a revised 0.9% in June[2] - Core retail sales (excluding automobiles and gasoline) rose by 0.3% month-on-month, also below the previous value of 0.8%[2] Economic Implications - The decline in July retail sales indicates a weakening consumer sentiment, with year-on-year growth dropping from 4.4% in June to 3.9% in July, marking the second-lowest value since March 2025[7] - The Producer Price Index (PPI) for July saw a significant increase to 3.3% year-on-year, up from 2.3%, suggesting that businesses are passing on tariff costs to consumers, which may further dampen consumer spending[7] Interest Rate Outlook - The decline in retail sales and weak employment data suggest a continued downward trend in the U.S. economy, increasing the likelihood of the Federal Reserve restarting interest rate cuts in the second half of 2025[8] - Market expectations indicate a 92.1% probability of a 25 basis point rate cut in September 2025, with a total of two cuts anticipated for the year[10] Sector Performance - In July, durable goods such as automobiles (+1.6%) and furniture (+1.4%) showed strong performance, while non-durable goods like groceries (-1.7%) and electronics (-0.6%) declined[9] - Service consumption, particularly in restaurants and bars, decreased by 0.4%, indicating a shift in consumer spending patterns[10]