大转向，鲍威尔暗示9月降息

Economic Outlook - Powell indicated a potential interest rate cut in September, with market expectations rising from below 80% to around 90% following his speech[1] - U.S. economic growth slowed from 2.5% last year to 1.2% in the first half of this year, primarily due to weakened consumer spending[2] - The average job creation in the private sector has dropped to 52,000 over the last three months, significantly lower than the 148,000 average during the last rate cut cycle in 2019[1] Labor Market Dynamics - The unemployment rate remains low at approximately 4.2%, but job creation has significantly declined, reflecting a shrinking labor market[1] - Factors contributing to reduced consumer spending include depleted excess savings, immigration policy impacts, and declining consumer confidence due to tariff uncertainties[2] Federal Reserve's Policy Adjustments - Powell's policy framework is shifting back to a flexible inflation target, moving away from the average inflation targeting introduced in 2020, which is deemed unsuitable in the current inflationary environment[3] - The independence of the Federal Reserve may be compromised, with significant political pressure from the White House influencing upcoming decisions[3] Market Reactions and Predictions - The market anticipates that the rate cut expectations may continue to rise until November, but the path to rate cuts may not be straightforward due to potential inflationary pressures[4] - The short-term U.S. Treasury yields are expected to decline, while the long-term yields face pressure from fiscal policies and international monetary conditions[4] Risks and Considerations - There are risks associated with unexpected movements in the U.S. economy, employment, and inflation trends, as well as potential surprises from fiscal and tariff policies[5]