利率月报：9月，债市重塑“独立人格”-20250902

Market Trends - In August, the bond market's trading logic shifted to "watch stocks and trade bonds," with 10-year and 30-year government bond yields peaking at 1.79% and 2.06% respectively[1][12]. - The bond market's traditional pricing mechanisms failed as the stock market's performance overshadowed bond expectations, leading to a significant rise in yields despite a generally loose funding environment[1][12]. Institutional Behavior - Major banks reported a significant decline in financial investment returns, with state-owned banks experiencing an average year-on-year drop of 30 basis points (bp) in the first half of 2025, compared to 11 bp in the same period of 2024[2][23]. - Since May, large banks have been selling long-term bonds while buying short-term ones, indicating a strategy to realize profits amid pressure on revenue KPIs[2][24]. Funding Conditions - September is expected to see a tightening of funds initially, followed by a loosening, with historical trends suggesting a rise in funding rates post-August[3][39]. - The central bank has maintained a supportive stance on funding, with significant short-term injections to stabilize market sentiment, including a net injection of 4,217 billion yuan during the month-end transition[3][41]. Economic Indicators - Key economic indicators such as inflation, credit, and real estate have shown a downward trend, which the bond market has largely ignored, potentially leading to increased expectations for loose monetary policy[5][50]. - The upcoming release of August's economic data could reinforce the downward trend in key indicators, impacting market expectations for monetary policy[5][50]. Future Outlook - The bond market's ability to regain its "independent personality" hinges on three factors: stock market volatility, the impact of August's economic data, and the resolution of negative institutional behaviors[6][57]. - The market is divided into three phases for September: an observation period, a gaming period, and a bargain-hunting period, with strategies focusing on maintaining a neutral duration of around 3.5-4.0 years[7][57].