粤开宏观：历次牛市回调的原因是什么？有哪些特征？该如何应对？

Market Overview - The current bull market in A-shares, initiated by a shift in China's tech narrative, is still ongoing and has not yet ended, with short-term pullbacks presenting buying opportunities[2] - The bull market is supported by three main factors: improved market expectations due to macroeconomic policy changes, ongoing capital market reforms, and sustained inflows from long-term funds like social security and insurance[2] Historical Analysis - Historical data shows that there have been 15 instances of major pullbacks (over 10%) in the Shanghai Composite Index during previous bull markets (2005-2007, 2014-2015, and 2019-2021)[3][14] - Major pullbacks are primarily caused by three factors: micro liquidity tightening (9 instances), macro liquidity tightening (4 instances), and "black swan" events (2 instances)[3][16] Pullback Characteristics - Major pullbacks typically exhibit a pattern of "sharp declines followed by slow recoveries," with an average decline duration of 12 trading days and an average recovery time of 26 trading days[4][21] - The average maximum decline during these pullbacks is approximately 12.9%, with micro liquidity tightening leading to the fastest recoveries[25][28] Investment Strategy - Investors are advised to adopt a strategy of "waiting for pullbacks" rather than attempting to predict market tops or bottoms, focusing on gradual accumulation after signs of recovery[6][49] - The recommended focus for investments should be on hard technology sectors, particularly AI and innovative pharmaceuticals, which are expected to continue their upward trajectory despite market fluctuations[8][51] Sector Rotation - Historical pullbacks often coincide with sector rotations, where funds shift from high-performing sectors to those with lower valuations, although maintaining a focus on core sectors is crucial[5][50] - The bull market's main narrative has historically been driven by a few key sectors, such as finance and technology, which tend to outperform during the overall market rally[29][46]