固定收益快评：30-10利差怎么看？

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - Not mentioned in the provided content 2. Core View of the Report - Since the third quarter, the 30 - 10 spread has widened rapidly, which is related to the marginal changes in the factors compressing the spread. Looking forward, the 30 - 10 spread is expected to compress again. After the previous adjustment, the spread has returned to the level of the third quarter of 2022. The 30 - year treasury bond still has liquidity advantages, and the demand for 30 - year treasury bonds will improve marginally with the bond market rebound, which is conducive to the phased compression of the 30 - 10 spread [2] 3. Summary by Relevant Catalog 3.1 Third - quarter widening of 30 - 10 spread - From July to mid - September, the 30 - 10 spread rose from 20BP to 30BP. From mid - September to October 14, it further widened to 43BP, returning to the level of September 2022 [3] 3.2 Long - term characteristics of 30 - 10 spread - The 30 - 10 spread shows a long - term mean - reversion trend. From 2006 to 2023, the 30 - 10 spread averaged 56BP, with an upper limit of 70 - 80BP and a lower limit of 20 - 30BP. In most cases, it moves in the opposite direction to the 10 - year treasury bond rate. In 2024, it broke through the historical extreme, once compressing to around 10BP and oscillating in the range of 10BP - 30BP until the first half of 2025 [6][7][10] 3.3 Reasons for the extreme compression of 30 - 10 spread in the past two years - The increase in the liquidity premium of 30 - year treasury bonds, driven by supply and demand factors, is the main reason. Factors include increased demand from fixed - income investors and insurance institutions, increased primary supply, and active trading of 30 - year treasury bond ETFs. In 2025, the weekly average trading volume of ultra - long treasury bonds reached 700 billion yuan, and the proportion in all treasury bond trading volume rose to 40% [12][13] 3.4 Marginal changes in factors supporting spread narrowing in the third quarter - The macro - narrative has changed, including better - than - expected economic performance, the dissipation of deflation expectations, and the suppression of the bond market by the stock market. The tax policy adjustment in August had a more obvious impact on the 30 - year treasury bond yield. Since August 2025, the trading volume proportion of ultra - long treasury bonds has declined [20] 3.5 Spread outlook - In the short term, the 30 - 10 spread is expected to compress again. In the medium - to - long term, the probability of the 30 - 10 spread returning below 20BP is small [21]