五年规划回眸与展望（一）：上市公司量质齐升，投资价值持续彰显

Policy Background - During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the capital market reform deepened, emphasizing the improvement of the quality of listed companies [6][7] - The new "National Nine Articles" and over 60 supporting rules in 2024 further solidified the regulatory framework for enhancing the quality of listed companies [6][7] - The regulatory framework focuses on three main aspects: strict entry standards for listings, rigorous delisting supervision, and enhanced ongoing regulation to guide companies in improving investment value and shareholder returns [6][7] Market Review Total Structure - The number of listed companies and total market capitalization in A-shares increased by over 30% compared to the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, with the number of new companies in emerging industries exceeding 70% [11][12] - By September 2025, the total number of A-share listed companies reached 5,436, with a total market capitalization of 105.8 trillion yuan, marking a 30% and 33.2% increase respectively from the end of the "13th Five-Year Plan" [11][12] - The market's survival of the fittest mechanism was strengthened, with 207 companies delisted during the "14th Five-Year Plan," four times the number during the previous period [11][12] Operating Quality - A-share companies saw significant improvements in revenue quality, with total revenue and net profit increasing by 43.7% and 38.0% respectively compared to the "13th Five-Year Plan" [15][18] - The proportion of operating income to total profit rose from 57.8% at the end of the "13th Five-Year Plan" to 68.1% by mid-2025, indicating healthier profit structures [15][17] - R&D expenditures doubled during the "14th Five-Year Plan," reaching 7.3 trillion yuan, with the intensity of R&D spending as a percentage of revenue increasing from 2.5% to 3.1% [18][19] Shareholder Returns - A-share companies distributed a total of 9.2 trillion yuan in cash dividends during the "14th Five-Year Plan," a 49.4% increase from the previous period, with approximately 70% of companies implementing dividends [23][24] - The total amount of share buybacks reached 594.14 billion yuan, representing a 148.3% increase compared to the "13th Five-Year Plan" [23][24] Future Outlook - The quality of listed companies is expected to continue improving, creating more investment opportunities driven by market reforms and industrial upgrades [26][28] - The capital market is anticipated to follow the high-quality development path outlined by the new "National Nine Articles," enhancing support for technology innovation and improving corporate governance and investor return mechanisms [26][28] - Key sectors to watch include AI and advanced manufacturing, particularly leading companies with advantages in operational quality and technological innovation [28]