日韩养老金融发展与中国之借鉴

Group 1: Overview of Aging Population Challenges - Japan's elderly population reached 29.56% in 2023, marking it as one of the most aged societies globally[17] - South Korea is experiencing the fastest aging rate, with projections indicating that 30% of its population will be over 65 by 2036[25] - The financial burden of social security in Japan is significant, with social security expenditures reaching approximately 36.9 trillion yen in 2023, accounting for one-third of total fiscal spending[18] Group 2: Pension Systems and Financial Structures - Japan's pension system comprises a three-pillar structure, with a total pension fund size of about $3.4 trillion as of the end of 2023, ranking sixth globally[6][7] - South Korea has also established a three-pillar pension system, with the National Pension Fund achieving a return rate of 14.14% in 2023, the highest since its inception[12] - The relative poverty rate among South Korean seniors aged 65 and above is 38.2%, significantly higher than the overall population rate of 14.9%[20] Group 3: Financial Innovations and Government Support - Japan employs tax incentives for pension contributions, utilizing EET and TEE models to encourage participation in personal pensions[9][10] - South Korea's financial institutions are innovating in pension products, with long-term care insurance and housing annuities gaining traction[14] - The Japanese government supports the elderly care sector through substantial fiscal backing, covering 50% of long-term care insurance funding[9] Group 4: Technological Integration in Elderly Care - Japan has established a legal framework to promote the development of welfare equipment, enhancing the integration of technology in elderly care[15] - South Korea's smart elderly care technology market reached 12.7 trillion won (approximately 635 billion RMB) in 2023, growing at an annual rate of 21%[16] Group 5: Lessons for China - China is encouraged to adopt a "system-driven + market-driven + technology-supported" approach to develop its pension finance ecosystem[31] - Recommendations include optimizing the pension guarantee system and enhancing the coverage of the second and third pillars of pension insurance[32] - The establishment of a comprehensive long-term care insurance system is crucial, with current pilot programs covering 1.8 million people and expenditures exceeding 80 billion RMB[35]