策略专题：连续三年跑出超额的行业，延续强势的概率？

Core Conclusions - The report explores the long-term trend of excess returns across various primary industries, identifying food and beverage, home appliances, and electrical equipment as the sectors with the highest historical likelihood of achieving sustained excess returns over three years [1][2] - The consumer sector shows a greater probability of long-term excess returns compared to other industries, attributed to its stable "ballast" characteristics [2][10] - Cyclical industries generally have a lower probability of achieving sustained excess returns due to short-term inventory cycles, while the electrical equipment sector benefits from ongoing demand, leading to a higher historical probability of long-term excess returns compared to other cyclical industries [2][15] Industry Analysis Food and Beverage, Home Appliances, and Electrical Equipment - These three industries have the highest sample counts for "three-year trend excess," indicating a historical tendency for long-term excess returns [2][8] - The excess returns in food and beverage and home appliances can be divided into two phases: one of pricing boom and another of pricing stability, with ROE showing rapid growth and stability exceeding the overall market [10][11] Electrical Equipment - The electrical equipment sector has benefited from two peaks in power and grid construction from 2003 to 2010, and from 2019 to 2023, driven by domestic carbon neutrality initiatives and global grid reinvestment [15][20] - The core logic is based on the "resonance of global grid capital expenditure," which supports the sector's long-term growth [15] TMT Industries (Technology, Media, Telecommunications) - Currently, the industries that have achieved excess returns for three consecutive years include electronics, communications, media, non-bank financials, and banking [2][20] - The continuation of excess returns in TMT sectors is influenced by the market beta at the time of excess formation and the industry's own profit cycle [3][20] - The electronics sector, despite significant underperformance from late 2014 to mid-2015, maintained a positive three-year rolling excess return due to its resilient fundamentals [3][20] - The media sector often fails to extend excess returns into the fourth year due to fundamental challenges and policy shifts affecting the industry [3][20] - The telecommunications sector has shown consistent excess returns, particularly during the AI industry trend, which is expected to continue [21][23] Financial Sector - The probability of non-bank financials and banking sectors extending their excess returns into the fourth year after three consecutive years is relatively low, at 4% and 6% respectively [3][32] - Excess returns in the financial sector typically occur during market risk-off periods or when policy expectations rise, but can diminish if market focus shifts to high-growth sectors [32]