固定收益点评：重启国债买卖，如何理解，影响几何？

Report Summary 1) Report Industry Investment Rating No industry investment rating is provided in the report. 2) Core Viewpoints - The resumption of treasury bond trading by the central bank is a positive for the bond market, with the 10 - year and 30 - year treasury bond yields dropping by over 5bps, and other maturities also seeing significant declines [1][7]. - It is a routine operation. The suspension earlier this year was due to market supply - demand imbalance and risk accumulation, while the resumption indicates regulatory approval of the current bond market interest rate level, limiting the risk of further rate hikes [1][7]. - To maintain the scale of the central bank's treasury bond holdings, it is estimated that the central bank needs to buy between 0.7 - 1 trillion yuan of treasury bonds this year [2][8]. - The central bank may choose one of three trading methods, with the first method (buying from large banks) being the most likely to control the impact on the bond market [3][12][13]. - The resumption of treasury bond trading may reduce the possibility of a reserve requirement ratio cut this year, but interest rate cuts are still necessary to promote financing growth [4][13]. - In the fourth quarter, the bond market will be in a trend - based recovery. A dumbbell strategy is recommended, and the 10 - year treasury bond yield is expected to recover to around 1.65% [4][14]. 3) Summary by Related Contents Reasons for Resuming Treasury Bond Trading - It is a routine operation to implement the deployment of the Central Financial Work Conference, enhancing the synergy between monetary and fiscal policies and ensuring smooth policy transmission and market stability [1][7]. - The suspension earlier this year was due to large supply - demand imbalance and accumulated market risks in the bond market, while the resumption is because the bond market is running well [1][7]. - To maintain the scale of the central bank's treasury bond holdings. Last year, the central bank bought 1 trillion yuan of treasury bonds, and the scale has decreased from 2.88 trillion yuan in December 2024 to 2.22 trillion yuan in September this year. It is estimated that 0.7 - 1 trillion yuan needs to be bought this year [2][8]. Possible Trading Methods - The central bank buys from large banks at once or multiple times, and large banks do not immediately buy from the market. This is more of a short - term fund injection, with a limited impact on bond market supply - demand, and a gradual and controllable positive impact later [2][12]. - The central bank gradually entrusts large banks to buy from the market, focusing on the short - end. Considering last year's experience where short - term rates dropped sharply, the possibility of this method is low [3][12]. - The central bank entrusts large banks to buy across the curve, which will lead to a decline in the overall interest rate center, benefiting the long - end more [3][12]. Impact on Monetary Policy and the Bond Market - The resumption of treasury bond trading may reduce the need for a reserve requirement ratio cut this year, but interest rate cuts are still necessary to lower real interest rates and promote financing, especially before the peak financing season next year [4][13]. - Treasury bond trading is more beneficial to the short - end, and the central bank's signal will improve market sentiment, driving down long - term yields. In the fourth quarter, the bond market will recover, and a dumbbell strategy is recommended [4][14].