美联储的“盲飞”降息：数据真空中的关键抉择

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - Not mentioned in the provided content 2. Core View of the Report - In October 2025, the global financial market is facing a monetary policy decision in a data "vacuum." The market has priced in a 97.3% probability of a 25 - basis - point rate cut by the Fed at the upcoming meeting. Amid government shutdown, inflation stickiness, weak employment signals, and political pressure, the meeting is a complex game. Fed's rate - cut expectations will support precious metals through interest rates and the dollar, but actual price performance depends on the strength of policy path signals after the rate cut [2][5]. - After the end of the data "vacuum period," potential expectation revisions may occur. Once the government shutdown ends, significant deviations between delayed economic data and market expectations may force investors to re - evaluate the rate - cut prospects, potentially causing sharp cross - asset class fluctuations. Investors should focus on the Fed's internal policy consensus, the actual performance of the first batch of economic data after the shutdown ends, and the persistence and consistency of policy signals [3][24]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Data "Vacuum" under Policy Dilemma: Shutdown Impact and Decision - Making Challenges - The Fed's October 2025 meeting faces a "data blind - spot" dilemma due to a 28 - day government shutdown starting from October 1st, the second - longest in US history. Key economic data collection and release by government departments have stalled, challenging the Fed's policy - making [6]. - Data quality is severely affected. Long - term shutdown may directly disrupt data collection and introduce structural biases. Although private - sector alternative data fills some gaps, its information is limited [7]. 3.2 Economic Signal Analysis: Double Confirmation of Stable Inflation and Weak Employment - The September CPI data shows that US consumer price inflation was lower than expected, with core CPI growth at a three - month low, indicating a structural slowdown in inflation [8]. - The employment market shows obvious weakness. The ADP employment report for September shows a decrease of 32,000 private - sector jobs, far below expectations. Previous employment data also shows poor performance, and there are signs of structural deterioration in the job market [9]. - These economic signals provide a basis for the Fed's rate - cut decision, with the Fed leaning towards focusing on employment risks [11]. 3.3 Powell's Balancing Act: Policy Shift and Risk Management - Fed Chair Powell faces a dilemma in policy - making. He also signals that the three - year - long quantitative tightening may end soon, and emphasizes a cautious approach to maintain financial market stability [15][17]. - Powell defends the Fed's policy independence and warns against the potential risks of Congress canceling the Fed's ability to pay interest on bank reserves [17]. 3.4 Internal Disagreements and Policy Games: Path Disputes under Rate - Cut Consensus - There is a basic consensus within the Fed on a rate cut in October, but deep differences exist in the future policy path, mainly in the rhythm, amplitude, and subsequent path of rate cuts [19]. - The dovish camp, represented by Stephen Milan and William Williams, advocates more aggressive rate cuts due to employment concerns. The cautious camp, represented by Barr and Jeffrey Schmid, warns about inflation risks [19]. 3.5 Market Outlook and Asset Impact: Confrontation between Expectations and Reality - As the Fed meeting approaches, the market is at a critical juncture from expectation trading to reality verification. The strong rate - cut expectations have been fully priced in, affecting major asset performances [23]. - The 10 - year US Treasury yield has fallen below 4% in October 2025, but its further decline depends on the consistency between actual rate - cut paths and market expectations [23]. - The US dollar index is in a multi - empty tug - of - war, with rate - cut expectations pressuring it while geopolitical risks providing support [23]. - The precious metals market is relatively strong under rate - cut expectations but is affected by multiple factors and is expected to enter a high - level oscillation phase in the short term [24].