商品消费向服务消费变迁的国际经验

Economic Transition - The shift from goods consumption to service consumption is a historical trend observed across economies, driven by economic development, demographic changes, and policy transformations[5] - In Japan, service consumption surpassed goods consumption in 1993, with service spending in 2024 projected to be 1.4 times that of goods consumption[7] - In the U.S., service consumption reached 68.5% of total consumption by 2024, reflecting a significant transition from goods to services[9] Economic Growth and GDP - Service consumption has become a key driver of economic growth, with its share of GDP in the U.S. increasing from 21.4% in 1944 to 46.5% in 2024, a rise of 25.1 percentage points[11] - In China, service consumption accounted for 46.1% of total consumption in 2024, indicating substantial growth potential[10] - The transition to service consumption is closely linked to GDP per capita surpassing $10,000, marking a shift from survival to development-oriented consumption[10] Employment Impact - The growth of service consumption has led to significant job creation, particularly in labor-intensive sectors such as education, healthcare, and entertainment[12] - In Japan, service sector employment increased from 10.55 million in 1981 to 17.64 million in 2001, a growth of 67.2%[59] - In the U.S., service sector employment rose from 15.39 million in 1939 to 113.71 million in 2024, an increase of 639%[62] Future Development Areas - Key growth areas for service consumption include healthcare and entertainment in Japan, driven by aging demographics and changing consumer preferences[15] - In the U.S., sectors such as internet services, healthcare, and luxury services are expected to see significant growth due to demographic shifts and increased demand for quality experiences[14] - China's healthcare sector is projected to expand significantly, alongside a shift towards experience-oriented consumption[15]