美国AI数据中心用电新趋势

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly state an investment rating for the industry [1]. Core Insights - North American data centers (DC) are experiencing rapid growth, with operational capacity reaching 25.6 GW and projects under construction hitting a record 12.1 GW, of which 88.5% is pre-committed [10][12]. - The trend in AI data center (AIDC) capacity is shifting towards centralized training, which offers advantages in management and synchronization, with expectations for single data center capacities to approach 1 GW [11][12]. - Power availability is critical for site selection, particularly in the PJM region, where new AIDC projects may face power interconnection delays of 4-7 years [12][13]. - AIDC projects are increasingly adopting self-supplied primary generation to address power needs while awaiting grid access, primarily using gas turbines [13][14]. - Backup power solutions are evolving, with a shift from diesel generators to gas turbines due to regulatory constraints on diesel use [14]. - Energy storage systems are being integrated to smooth out power demand fluctuations during training and inference phases, enhancing overall supply reliability [15]. Summary by Sections AIDC Capacity Development Trends - Centralized training is favored over decentralized architectures due to its efficiency in management and synchronization, with a projected increase in single-site compute density [11][12]. Power Availability and Site Selection - The PJM region is the largest ISO for data centers, but lengthy power interconnection timelines are pushing AIDC projects to other ISOs like MISO and ERCOT [12]. Changes in Power Interconnection Approaches - New AIDC projects are increasingly utilizing self-supplied primary generation to mitigate delays in grid access, primarily through gas turbines [13]. Trends in Backup Power - The industry is moving towards greater use of gas turbines for backup power due to regulatory challenges associated with diesel generators [14]. Energy Storage Integration - Energy storage systems are being utilized to manage power demand fluctuations, improving reliability and resilience of AIDC operations [15].