通信行业专题报告：超节点架构兴起，Scale-up开启网络互联第二增长曲线

Investment Rating - The industry investment rating is "Overweight" and has been maintained from the previous rating [5] Core Insights - The rise of Scale-up architecture is driven by the increasing demand for high-speed interconnects due to the growth of large model parameters and the need for unified computing units formed by connecting multiple GPUs [1][13] - The Scale-up switch market is expected to grow rapidly, with a projected market size of nearly $6 billion by 2025 and a 5-year CAGR of 26% from 2025 to 2030 [1][68] Summary by Sections Scale-up Supernodes: Breaking Through Single Card Computing Bottlenecks - The demand for larger parameter scales in large language models necessitates the expansion of computing clusters, which can significantly enhance model output accuracy and performance [13] - Cross-node communication requirements are heightened due to the use of tensor parallelism and expert parallelism technologies [17] Overview of Mainstream Supernode Systems - NVIDIA's GB200 NVL72 supernode connects 36 Grace CPUs and 72 NVIDIA Blackwell GPUs using NVLink technology, achieving high bandwidth and low latency [31][32] - Google's seventh-generation TPU Ironwood can scale up to 9216 chips, achieving peak performance of 4614 TFLOPS [35][36] - Amazon's Trainium2 server interconnects 64 chips through NeuronLink, ensuring low latency and high bandwidth communication [45][48] - Huawei's CloudMatrix384 supernode is designed for large-scale AI workloads, achieving 300 PFLOPS of BF16 computing power [49][52] Beneficiaries of Scale-up Network Demand - High-end switching chips and interface chips are expected to see increased demand due to the customized networks required for Scale-up architecture [3] - The integration of hardware and software in supernode systems is likely to enhance the value-added services of hardware manufacturers [56] - The demand for short-distance high-speed copper connections is strong, while optical interconnects are gradually being integrated into Scale-up networks [3] Focus Areas - Key companies to watch include: - Interconnect & Switching Chips: Sanken Communication, Lattice Semiconductor, and Wantong Development [4] - Network Equipment: ZTE, Ruijie Networks, and Unisplendour [4] - Optical Interconnect: Zhongji Xuchuang, New Easy, and Tianfu Communication [4] - Copper Interconnect: Ruikeda, Shenyu Co., and Wolker Materials [4]