2025年三季度城投债市场分析与展望：以化债促发展，城投债融资边际改善

1. Report's Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The "package debt resolution plan" advanced its efforts, with two "500 billion" injections in succession, highlighting the policy approach of balancing debt resolution and development. The intensified proactive fiscal policy is expected to ease the liquidity pressure on local governments and urban investment enterprises [4][5]. - In Q3 2025, the issuance scale of urban investment bonds increased both year - on - year and quarter - on - quarter, and the net repayment scale narrowed significantly. The financing situation of key provinces improved marginally, and provincial and park - level urban investment entities turned into net inflows [4][8][9]. - In Q4, the maturity and repayment scale of urban investment bonds will decline, but considering the large total debt of urban investment enterprises, the interest payment pressure remains severe, and the repayment pressure on urban investment bonds in Q4 will not decrease. Attention should be paid to the liquidity pressure in regions with high concentrated repayment pressure and district - county - level urban investment enterprises [4][33]. - The powerful incremental debt resolution plan has achieved phased results, significantly reducing costs and accelerating the transformation of urban investment enterprises. Urban investment enterprises have entered a critical transition period from "debt resolution" to "transformation and quality improvement" [4][37]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs Policy Environment - The "package debt resolution plan" advanced its efforts, with two "500 billion" injections, highlighting the policy approach of balancing debt resolution and development. The proactive fiscal policy was intensified, and the liquidity pressure on local governments and urban investment enterprises is expected to ease. The Ministry of Finance increased support for implicit debt resolution by using the debt resolution quota in advance. As of the end of October 2025, the special refinancing bonds for replacing implicit debt had a cumulative issuance of 1.993 trillion yuan, with a issuance progress of 99.67%. The issuance of special new special bonds accelerated significantly since May, with a cumulative issuance of 738.1 billion yuan in Q3, and the total issuance exceeded 1.2 trillion yuan by the end of September, exceeding the annual issuance target of 800 billion yuan [5]. - A new policy - based financial instrument of 500 billion yuan was established, which was fully used to supplement the capital of major projects. As of the end of October, all the funds had been invested, supporting more than 2,300 projects with a total investment of about 7 trillion yuan, mainly in digital economy, artificial intelligence, and other fields. It can relieve the project capital bottleneck caused by tight local finances and help some urban investment companies relieve capital pressure and expand financing channels [6]. - The central government allocated 500 billion yuan from the local government debt balance limit to local governments, an increase of 100 billion yuan compared with the previous year, and the scope was expanded. In addition to supplementing local government comprehensive financial resources and supporting debt resolution, it was also used for project construction in eligible economic provinces to support effective investment [7]. Review of the Urban Investment Bond Market Issuance Overview - In Q3, the issuance scale of urban investment bonds increased both year - on - year and quarter - on - quarter, and the net repayment scale narrowed significantly. The issuance of private placement bonds and ABS increased significantly, while the issuance of ultra - short - term financing bills and medium - term notes decreased significantly. The net repayment scale of inter - bank and exchange - traded products decreased significantly year - on - year. The issuance scale of urban investment bonds in Q3 was 1.26 trillion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 0.42% and a quarter - on - quarter increase of 17.38%, with a net repayment of 2.6007 billion yuan. The issuance scale of urban investment bonds of entities that declared themselves as market - oriented business entities accounted for 33.99%, and they achieved a net financing of 3.444 billion yuan. The early repayment scale of urban investment bonds in Q3 was about 453.6 billion yuan, with year - on - year and quarter - on - quarter increases of 3.65% and 4.10% respectively [8][9]. - In terms of issuance varieties, the issuance scale of exchange - traded products increased both year - on - year and quarter - on - quarter, mainly private placement bonds, with significant increases in private placement bonds and ABS. The issuance scale of inter - bank products decreased year - on - year, with significant declines in ultra - short - term financing bills and general medium - term notes of over 10%. The net repayment scale of the inter - bank and exchange markets decreased significantly year - on - year, with a decline of over 80% [11]. - Regionally, the issuance scale of non - key provinces increased both year - on - year and quarter - on - quarter, with a quarter - on - quarter increase of about 16%. The issuance scale of key provinces decreased year - on - year but increased significantly quarter - on - quarter, with a quarter - on - quarter increase of about 26%. The net repayment scale of both key and non - key provinces narrowed significantly. In non - key provinces, Zhejiang, Shanghai, and Guangdong had large net inflows, while Jiangsu had the largest net repayment scale of 45.09 billion yuan. In key provinces, except for Tianjin, Liaoning, Qinghai, and Inner Mongolia, other provinces had net repayments, and Chongqing had the largest net repayment scale of 9.293 billion yuan [13][15]. - In terms of credit ratings, the issuance of urban investment bonds was still dominated by AA + and AAA - rated entities, with high - level entities accounting for over 77%. The AAA - rated entities maintained a net inflow, and provincial and park - level entities turned into net inflows, while the net repayment scale of municipal and district - county - level entities narrowed [17][19]. - The issuance scale of ultra - long - term urban investment bonds further increased and was concentrated in high - quality entities in more economically developed regions. In key provinces, the issuance term structure of Guizhou and Yunnan improved. The issuance term of urban investment bonds was still mainly medium - and long - term, with bonds over 3 years accounting for over 55%. The issuance of ultra - long - term (10 years and above) urban investment bonds was 128 issues with a scale of 84.028 billion yuan, increasing both year - on - year and quarter - on - quarter. Non - key provinces were the main issuers of ultra - long - term urban investment bonds, with the issuers mainly in Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and other economically developed provinces [20]. - In Q3, the issuance interest rate and spread of urban investment bonds fluctuated upward, but the spread center decreased quarter - on - quarter. The issuance spreads of some key provinces decreased significantly, but the spreads of Guizhou, Yunnan, and Guangxi remained high. Among non - key provinces, the spreads of Shandong, Xinjiang, and Henan were higher than the national average, and the credit differentiation intensified [23]. New Issuance Situation - In Q3, driven by the policy of balancing debt resolution and development, the number of issues and scale of newly issued bonds of urban investment entities increased both year - on - year and quarter - on - quarter. The newly issued entities showed the characteristic of "concentration on high - quality entities", mainly high - level entities in regions with strong economic and fiscal strength and industrial advantages such as Guangdong, Shanghai, and Zhejiang. The newly issued bonds were mainly invested in rural revitalization, green industries, and other fields. A total of 68 urban investment entities newly issued bonds, with 89 issues and a scale of 53.591 billion yuan [28][29]. Outlook - In Q4, the maturity and repayment scale of urban investment bonds will decline, but considering the large total debt of urban investment enterprises, the interest payment pressure remains severe, and the repayment pressure on urban investment bonds in Q4 will not decrease. Attention should be paid to the liquidity pressure in regions with high concentrated repayment pressure and district - county - level urban investment enterprises. The scale of outstanding urban investment bonds at the end of Q3 was about 13.36 trillion yuan. Assuming that all callable bonds are exercised, the maturity scale of urban investment bonds in Q4 2025 is 1.2 trillion yuan, a decrease of about 15% compared with Q4 2024 [33][35]. - The powerful incremental debt resolution plan has achieved phased results, significantly reducing costs and accelerating the transformation of urban investment enterprises. Urban investment enterprises have entered a critical transition period from "debt resolution" to "transformation and quality improvement". After the replacement of implicit debt with local government debt, the average interest cost of debt decreased by over 2.5 percentage points, saving over 450 billion yuan in interest payments. As of the end of June 2025, over 60% of financing platforms had exited. In the future, urban investment enterprises will be classified and disposed of in an orderly manner, and some financing platforms may be forced to accelerate their market - oriented transformation. Urban investment enterprises should explore substantial transformation paths based on their own conditions and regional resource endowments [37][38].